Vocabulary

a bid to 何かをするため努力する Phrase B2 Uncommon 'In a bid to' do something means 'in an attempt to'.  A try to achieve a goal. a go 前進 Idiom B1 Common Moving forward positively.  Affirmative.  a good sign 良い兆候 Idiom A1 Common  An indication of something positive.  abdomen 腹部 Noun B1 Uncommon The abdomen (commonly called the belly) is the body space between the thorax (chest) and pelvis. The diaphragm forms the upper sur… abolish 廃止する Verb B1 Rare To completely stop some course of action, behavior, or thing. Prohibit. Cease. abolition 廃止 Noun B2 Rare The act of formally ending or stopping a system, practice, or institution. abominable 忌まわしい Adjective B2 Uncommon Repugnantly hateful; detestable; loathsome:  very unpleasant; disagreeable. abortion 中絶 Noun B2 Uncommon The termination of a pregnancy, resulting in the death of the embryo or fetus.  Can be implemented by medication or surgical proce… abruptly 突然に Adverb B1 Uncommon In an abrupt manner : in a sudden and unexpected way. absolutely 絶対に Adverb A1 Common Totally; completely. accommodations 宿泊施設 Noun B1 Uncommon a place where travelers can stay, such as hotels or guest houses. accordingly それに応じて Adverb B2 Uncommon In a way that is appropriate to the particular circumstances. accumulation 累積 Noun B2 Rare Growth by adding more.  Continuous or repeated increase in the total amount of something. achievement 功績 Noun B1 Uncommon The successful realization of a difficult and worthwhile goal. ACL ACL Noun, Phrase C1 Rare The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the key ligaments that help stabilize your knee joint. The ACL connects your thighb… acquiesce 黙認する Verb C1 Rare To accept something without arguing, even if you do not really agree with it. acquire 取得する Verb A2 Uncommon to get or obtain something actuality 現実 Noun C1 Rare Factually, reality. acumen 手腕 Noun C1 Rare the ability to make good judgments and quick decisions, especially in business adage ことわざ、格言 Noun C1 Rare A traditional saying that expresses a common truth or piece of advice. Adam-style アダムスタイル Noun, Proper Noun C1 Common Referring to a type of design or decoration influenced by the Adam brothers' interior designs in the 1770s.  The Adam style provid… adjacent 隣接する Adjective B2 Uncommon Next to or adjoining something else. adjourn 延期する Verb C1 Rare To suspend a session indefinitely or to another time or place.  Often used in the context of court trials. adjunct 付属施設 Noun C1 Rare something added to or connected with another thing, often as a supporting part adjustment 調整 Noun A2 Uncommon A small alteration or movement made to achieve a desired fit, appearance, or result. administrative 行政中心地 Adjective B2 Uncommon related to managing the business or official work of an organization or government admirable 立派な Adjective B1 Uncommon Deserving the highest esteem. Something to admire.  adorned 飾られた Adjective B2 Rare decorated or embellished advantage 利点 Noun A2 Common benefit or favorable feature that gives something an edge adventurous 冒険好きな Adjective B1 Uncommon willing to take risks and try new experiences adversely 不運に Adverb B2 Rare In a way that is bad or harmful - often used with affect, as in "adversely affect" something.  Negative impact. advocate 支持者 Noun B2 Uncommon a person who publicly supports or recommends a particular cause or policy. aesthetics 美学 Noun C1 Rare a set of principles concerned with the nature and appreciation of beauty after school activities 放課後の活動 Phrase A2 Uncommon Activities that are made available by a school to its students that are not directly related to their fields of study, such as clu… ahi tuna キハダマグロ Noun, Phrase B2 Rare Ahi tuna is a type of tuna that is divided into two different species: yellowfin and bigeye.  It's often cheaper than bluefin tuna… alas 悲しいかな Interjection B2 Uncommon Used to express unhappiness, pity, or concern. album アルバム Noun A2 Uncommon A collection of songs recorded by a musician or group of musicians.  Record album. all good すべて良い Idiom A2 Common Indicates that a situation is acceptable, fine.  No problems. allegation 申し立て Noun B2 Uncommon An assertion of misconduct.  A statement by a party to a legal action of what the party undertakes to prove.  An assertion of whic… alleged 申し立てられた Adjective B2 Uncommon Asserted without proof or before proving that someone has committed a crime.  "Alleged" is often used as an adjective in describin… allocate 割り当てる Verb B2 Rare To apportion something for a specific purpose or to particular persons or things : distribute, to set apart, designate. Often used… allotment 割り当て Noun B2 Rare an amount of time, money, or resources that is assigned for a purpose alum 同窓生 Noun B2 Rare A graduate or former student of a particular school, college, or university. Amabie Jet アマビエジェット Noun C2 Uncommon The amabie is a monster that resembles a mermaid/merman, but instead of one tail it has three! The amabie is known to only emerge … ambience 雰囲気 Noun B2 Rare The character and atmosphere of a place, often influencing the mood of the people within it. American Dream アメリカンドリーム Idiom B2 Common A happy way of living that is thought of by many Americans as something that can be achieved by anyone in the U.S. especially by w… amid 真ん中 Preposition B1 Uncommon In or into the middle of. Surrounded by. Among, during (some activity or timeframe). amidst の中で Preposition B2 Uncommon In or into the middle of : surrounded by : among. ancestral 祖先の Adjective B2 Uncommon Relating to, or inherited from an ancestor, such as a father, grandmother, etc.  annex 別館 Noun B2 Uncommon An additional building that is joined to or used with a main building. announcement 発表 Noun A2 Uncommon A public notification or declaration.  Can be verbal, paper, email, or more broadly broadcast such as on television. anteway 前方に通じる道 Noun C2 Rare A path or means of approach. anthology 名曲集 Noun C1 Rare A collection of selected literary pieces or passages or works of art or music; an assortment. anti-establishment 反体制 Adjective C1 Uncommon Opposed or hostile to the social, economic, and political principles of a ruling class (as of a nation).  Opposed to the establish… antibiotics 抗生物質 Noun B1 Uncommon Medicines that help stop infections caused by bacteria. They do this by killing the bacteria or by keeping them from copying thems… anticipate 予想する Adjective, Verb B2 Uncommon expect or look forward to in advance anticompetitive 反競争的な Adjective C1 Rare To stifle or suppress competition, especially when this violates antitrust laws. antitrust 独占禁止の Adjective C1 Rare Relating to legislation preventing or controlling trusts or other monopolies, with the intention of promoting competition in busin… anus 肛門 Noun B2 Uncommon The anus is the opening where the gastrointestinal tract ends and exits the body. The anus starts at the bottom of the rectum, the… anxious 切望して Adjective B1 Uncommon Looking forward to something very much.  Being anxious can also be an uneasiness of mind or brooding fear about some contingency :… apex 頂点 Noun B2 Rare the highest point or top; the peak apparently どうやら Adverb B1 Common Openly; evidently to the senses or the intellect.  Seemingly; in appearance, whether in reality or not; as far as one can judge. application アプリ Noun B1 Uncommon A program (such as a word processor or a spreadsheet) that performs a particular task or set of tasks. "App" for short. apprehensive 不安な Adjective B2 Rare Anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen.  Uneasy or fearful about something that might happen. approached 近づいた Verb A2 Uncommon moved closer to someone or something in distance, time, or relationship approximately 約 Adverb A2 Uncommon To refer to something that is closely estimated, not exact.  An approximation.  aqueduct 水道橋 Noun C1 Rare a conduit for water; especially : one for carrying a large quantity of flowing water, a structure for conveying a canal over a riv… arboretum 樹木園 Noun C1 Rare a place where many kinds of trees and plants are grown for study or display archaeological 考古学の、考古学的な Adjective B2 Uncommon related to archaeology, the study of ancient objects and remains architectural 建築の Adjective B1 Uncommon relating to the art or practice of designing and constructing buildings. architecture 建築 Noun B1 Uncommon The art or practice of designing buildings. aristocrat 貴族 Noun B2 Uncommon A person who belongs to the highest social class, usually with a noble title and inherited status. arrest 逮捕する Verb A2 Common Seize, capture.  To take or keep in custody by authority of law. arthroscopic knee surgery 膝の関節鏡視下手術 Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon Arthroscopic knee surgery may be a treatment option for certain types of knee pain. Arthroscopic surgery is a procedure that invol… artifact 人工物 Noun B2 Uncommon Objects made by humans, typically an item of cultural or historical interest. artifact 遺物 Noun B2 Uncommon Object made by humans that have historical or cultural significance. artificial 人工の Adjective B1 Uncommon Made or produced by human beings rather than occurring naturally. artillery 大砲 Noun B1 Uncommon Large guns that shoot over long distances.  Cannons. as of 現在、時点 Idiom B1 Common On, at, from; used to indicate a time or date at which something begins or ends. ascension 上昇 Noun C1 Uncommon the act of rising to an important position or a higher level. asceticism 禁欲 Noun C1 Rare a way of life that avoids pleasure and focuses on self-discipline ask out 誘う Idiom A2 Common To ask someone to go on a date. aspiration 願望 Noun B2 Rare A hope or ambition of achieving something.  Aspirations typically refer to goals in life, career, or work status. aspiring 野心のある Adjective B1 Uncommon Desiring and working to achieve a particular goal : having aspirations to attain a specified profession, position, etc. assassination 暗殺 Noun B2 Uncommon Murder; killing a person of power or status, most often for political reasons. assault 暴行 Noun B2 Common A violent physical or verbal attack.  A military attack usually involving direct combat with enemy forces. assault and battery 暴行殴打 Noun C1 Uncommon The crime of threatening and physically hitting or attacking someone. associate attorney 副弁護士、準弁護士 Noun C1 Uncommon Associate attorneys are early career lawyers who work for law firms to gain experience and hone their skills after completing law … asteroid 小惑星 Noun B1 Uncommon Asteroids are small, rocky objects that orbit the Sun. Although asteroids orbit the Sun like planets, they are much smaller than p… asthma 喘息 Noun A2 Uncommon Asthma is a lung condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult a… astronomical 天文学の Adjective B2 Uncommon relating to astronomy or the stars and planets; extremely large in amount or degree asylum 亡命 Noun B2 Uncommon protection granted to individuals in a foreign country because they have fled persecution athlete アスリート Noun A2 Uncommon A person who is trained or skilled in exercises, sports, or games requiring physical strength, agility, or stamina. atmosphere 大気 Noun A2 Uncommon The mass of air surrounding the Earth. atrocity 残虐行為 Noun C1 Rare Extremely cruel, violent, or shocking acts, especially in war. attaché 武官 Noun C1 Rare A person on the staff of an embassy, often a specialist such as a military officer. attend 出席する Verb A2 Uncommon To be present at a particular location or event.   attendant 係員 Noun B1 Uncommon a person whose job is to help or serve people in a particular place attraction 魅力 Noun B1 Uncommon A feature or quality that evokes interest or pleasure attribute 属性、特徴、特性 Noun B2 Rare Characteristic or quality that belongs to someone or something. auditorium 講堂 Noun B1 Uncommon a large room or hall for meetings, performances, or lectures auspice 支援 Noun C1 Rare support or protection from a person or organization authenticity 臨場感 Noun B2 Uncommon the quality of being real, genuine, or making you feel as if you are truly experiencing something authorized 公認された Adjective, Verb B2 Uncommon Officially approved or given permission by someone in authority. autobiography 自伝 Noun B1 Uncommon The biography of a person written by that person.  autumn 秋 Noun A1 Uncommon the season between summer and winter awestruck 畏敬の念を抱いた Adjective B2 Rare Someone being filled with marvel, wonder, or surprise. awkward ぎこちない Adjective A2 Uncommon A feeling of unease about something.  Similar to embarrassment.   azalea ツツジ Noun B2 Rare Flowering shrubs in the rhododendron family, known for their colorful blooms. baby boomer 団塊の世代 Idiom B2 Uncommon A person born in the U.S. following the end of World War II (usually considered to be in the years from 1946 to 1964).  There was … Bachelor's Degree 学士号 Noun B1 Uncommon A degree that is given to a student by a college or university usually after four years of study. backdrop 背景 Noun B2 Rare a painted cloth hung across the rear of a stage; a background in general terms  the context in a movie or book background バックグラウンド Noun B1 Common The story or explanation behind something or somebody.  Foundational information about someone or something. backroads 裏道 Noun A2 Rare Roads that are not freeways or other main roads.  bad apple 悪玉 Idiom B2 Common A member of a group whose behavior reflects poorly on or negatively affects or influences the remainder of the group. bail 保釈 Noun B2 Uncommon The temporary release of a prisoner in exchange for security given for the prisoner's appearance at a later hearing.  Security (mo… ballot 投票 Noun B1 Uncommon A predominantly paper questionnaire that is filled out by a voter and submitted to the organization in charge of tallying votes.  … bankruptcy 破産 Noun B2 Uncommon A legal proceeding initiated when a person or business is unable to repay outstanding debts or obligations. A court examines the a… bar fight バーでの喧嘩 Idiom B1 Common A physical altercation that takes place in a bar or pub.   bare-bones 最低限の、簡素な Adjective B2 Uncommon Very basic and lacking extra features or details. baroque バロック様式の、過度に装飾的な Adjective, Noun C1 Rare a highly decorated style in art, music, and architecture from the 17th and early 18th centuries; also elaborate or overly ornate baseball 野球 Noun A1 Common A game played with a bat and ball between two teams of nine players each on a large field having four bases that mark the course a… basically 基本的に Adverb B1 Common in a general way; used to give the main or simplest explanation basketball バスケットボール Noun A1 Uncommon A court game between two teams of five players each who score by tossing an inflated ball through a raised goal.  The ball used in… batting average 打率 Noun B2 Uncommon A ratio (such as a rate per thousand) of base hits to official times at bat for a baseball player.  A batting average over .300 is… battlefield 戦場 Noun B1 Uncommon a place where a battle or war takes place be blindsided 不意を突かれる Slang, Verb B2 Rare To hit unexpectedly from or as if from the blind side, to surprise unpleasantly.  An unseen attack, either physically or with unex… beleaguered 窮地に立たされた Adjective C1 Rare long suffering or being subjected to constant or repeated trouble or harassment Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia 良性前立腺肥大症 Noun C2 Uncommon An enlargement of the prostate gland caused by a benign overgrowth of chiefly glandular tissue that occurs especially in men over … bettor 賭け手 Noun B2 Rare People who place bets, typically at casinos or online. beverage 飲料 Noun B1 Uncommon A drinkable liquid, such as soda, juice, or beer. bias 偏見 Noun B2 Uncommon An inclination of temperament or outlook; especially : a personal and sometimes unreasoned judgment. biopsy 生検 Noun B2 Uncommon The removal and examination of tissue, cells, or fluids from the living body. bird's-eye view 鳥瞰図、上からの眺め Noun, Phrase B1 Common a view from above that shows a wide area blood 血液 Noun A1 Common Blood is that red stuff that comes out when you cut yourself! blood pressure 血圧 Noun, Phrase A2 Common Blood pressure is the pressure of blood pushing against the walls of your arteries. Arteries carry blood from your heart to other … blowhard ほら吹き、大言壮語する人 Noun B2 Rare A person who speaks in a boastful, arrogant, or overconfident way. Bluetooth ブルートゥース Noun A2 Rare Bluetooth technology is a short-range wireless communications technology to replace the cables connecting electronic devices.  It … bluff 絶壁 Noun B1 Uncommon A high steep bank or cliff. blunder 失態 Noun B1 Uncommon A gross error or mistake resulting usually from stupidity, ignorance, or carelessness. blush 赤面する Verb A2 Uncommon To become red in the face from embarrassment, shame, modesty, or confusion.   blustery 荒れ狂った Adjective B2 Rare Weather characterized by strong winds, blowing in violent and abrupt bursts. BNP ＢＮＰ Abbreviation, Noun C1 Rare B-type Natriuretic Peptide.  BNP levels go up when the heart cannot pump the way it should. A result greater than 100 pg/mL is abn… boastful 自慢屋 Adjective B1 Rare too proud and talkative about one's abilities or success bodhisattva 菩薩 Noun C2 Rare In Buddhism, an enlightened being who delays entering nirvana in order to help others reach enlightenment. bomb ボム Noun B1 Common In baseball, slang for home run. bombardment 砲撃 Noun B2 Uncommon To continuous attack with artillery or bombers using bombs, shells, or other explosive devices.   bottleneck ボトルネック Noun B2 Rare A narrow route, a point of traffic congestion, or someone or something that slows or halts free movement and progress. bouncer 用心棒 Noun B2 Uncommon One employed to restrain or eject disorderly persons, typically in a bar or pub. boutique ブティック Noun B2 Uncommon a small shop that sells fashionable or specialized items bowel 腸 Noun B1 Uncommon The intestine, gut.   boxing ボクシング Noun A2 Uncommon A combat sport in which two people fight using their fists while wearing gloves. branding ブランディング Noun, Verb B2 Rare The process of creating a distinct identity and image for a product, company, or person. brawl 乱闘 Noun B1 Uncommon To physical fight, usually involving multiple people. break up 別れる Idiom B1 Common A romantic relationship that ends prior to marriage.  Breaking up may be mutually agreed on, or one sided. breakthrough 突破 Noun B2 Uncommon The act of moving through or beyond an obstacle or impediment.  A sudden advance especially in knowledge or technique, such as in … breathtaking 息をのむような Adjective, Verb B1 Uncommon extremely beautiful, impressive, or surprising breeze 容易いこと Noun A2 Uncommon Something that was easy to accomplish, without any problems. bro 兄弟、仲間 Noun, Slang B1 Common Short for brother; a male friend, used as a familiar way of addressing a good friend. brochure パンフレット Noun A2 Uncommon A small printed booklet that gives information about a place, product, or service. broke the game open ゲームを開いた Idiom, Phrase B2 Common To break open the game is a jargon that describes the situation where a team achieves a multiple-run lead in a single rally that a… bronchitis 気管支炎 Noun B2 Rare Bronchitis is an inflammation of the lining of your bronchial tubes, which carry air to and from your lungs. People who have bronc… bronze statue 銅像 Noun A2 Uncommon Bronze sculpture, bronze is the most popular metal for cast metal statues broth スープ Noun A2 Uncommon A liquid base made by cooking meat, vegetables, or bones, used in soups and noodles. browser ブラウザ Noun B1 Rare A computer program used for accessing sites or information on a network (such as the World Wide Web) bubble economy バブル経済 Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon A bubble economy is an economic cycle that is characterized by the rapid escalation of market value, particularly in the price of … buckle down 全力を傾ける Idiom B2 Uncommon To put forth the needed effort; to focus; become serious; apply oneself (e.g. to work or study). bucolic 牧歌的な Adjective C1 Rare Characteristic of the countryside or country life; rustic; pastoral, relating to or typical of rural life, idyllic. buddy 友人 Noun A1 Common Companion, partner, friend, used especially in an informal setting. buddy 友達 Slang A1 Common A friend. Bud for short. budget 予算 Noun B1 Uncommon A budget is an estimation of revenue and expenses over a specified future period of time and is usually compiled and re-evaluated … Budget Committee 予算委員会 Noun C1 Uncommon Budget Committee (of the Upper and Lower Houses of the Diet) bullying いじめ Noun A2 Uncommon The treatment of someone in a cruel, insulting, threatening, or aggressive fashion. bunion 外反母趾 Noun B2 Rare 1. noun : an inflamed swelling of the small fluid-filled sac on the first joint of the big toe accompanied by enlargement and prot… cactus サボテン Noun A2 Uncommon a plant that grows in dry places and usually has sharp spines cadets 士官候補生 Noun B2 Uncommon Students or trainees in a military, naval, or similar academy who are preparing to become officers. cakewalk 簡単な達成 Noun B1 Rare A one-sided contest : an easy victory.  The word cakewalk was a pre-Civil War dance originally performed by slaves on a plantation… calibration 較正 Noun C1 Rare The process of adjusting or checking a device or instrument so that its measurements are accurate. came down to the wire 電線に降りてきた Idiom B2 Common When something "comes down to the wire," it means that the outcome will be decided at the very end of the event or contest. In oth… canal 運河 Noun A2 Uncommon a man-made waterway for boats or drainage cancel キャンセルする Verb A2 Uncommon To decide not to conduct or perform (something planned or expected) usually without expectation of conducting or performing it at … canceled キャンセルする Verb A2 Uncommon to decide that something planned will not happen or will stop cancer 癌 Noun A2 Common Cancer is a disease caused when cells divide uncontrollably and spread into surrounding tissues. Cancer is caused by changes to DN… candidate 候補者 Noun A2 Uncommon One that aspires to or is nominated or qualified for an office, membership, or award.  One likely or suited to undergo or be chose… canopy 天蓋、樹冠、覆い Noun B2 Uncommon a cover or layer overhead, especially tree branches and leaves forming a roof-like layer canyon 峡谷 (きょうこく) Noun A2 Uncommon a deep gorge, typically one with a river flowing through it capitol 州議会議事堂 Noun B2 Uncommon A building where a state or national legislature meets. cardinal カーディナル Noun C1 Uncommon A high ecclesiastical official of the Roman Catholic Church who is appointed by the Pope to assist him as a member of the college … cardiologist 心臓専門医 Noun C1 Rare A cardiologist is a doctor who specializes in treating diseases of the cardiovascular system — mainly the heart and blood vessels. career キャリア Noun A2 Common A profession for which one trains and which is undertaken as a permanent calling.   casino カジノ Noun A2 Uncommon A facility for certain types of gambling. In the USA most casinos are in Las Vegas or Atlantic City, but there are some on Native … castle 城 Noun A2 Common a large fortified building, often built in medieval times casualty 死傷者 Noun B2 Uncommon In a military conflict, a person, such as a soldier or a civilian killed or injured.   cataracts 白内障 Noun B2 Rare A clouding of the lens of the eye or of its surrounding transparent membrane that obstructs the passage of light. catastrophe 大災害 Noun B2 Uncommon A sudden event that causes great damage or suffering. catch my breath いきを整える Idiom B1 Common Literally, to resume or try to resume breathing normally after a physically strenuous activity that results in heavy breathing.  F… cathedral 大聖堂 Noun A2 Uncommon A large and important church. Cathedrals are often the oldest buildings in their area and are significant to the local culture, he… catty-corner キャティコーナー Adjective C1 Rare Something located diagonally opposite something else. Meaning is the same as kitty-corner. caveat 注意点 Noun C1 Rare a warning or condition that limits something ceasefire 停戦 Noun B2 Rare A military order to cease firing; a suspension of active hostilities.  A halt in fighting a battle or war by both sides in the con… central processing unit 中央処理装置 Noun B2 Uncommon Known commonly as the CPU,  this computer component interprets machine level program instructions and performs operations on the d… chair lift チェアリフト Noun, Phrase B2 Common an open lift with seats that carries people uphill, often at a ski resort or mountain chamber 議場 Noun B2 Uncommon A large room used for formal meetings, especially of a legislature. chamber music 室内楽 Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon Music and especially instrumental ensemble music intended for performance in a private room or small auditorium and usually having… change of heart 心変わり Idiom B1 Common A reversal in position or attitude.  Changing one's mind about something. chapel 礼拝堂、小聖堂 Noun B1 Uncommon a small church or a room used for Christian worship characteristic 特徴 Noun B1 Uncommon a distinguishing trait or quality. charter plane チャーター機 Noun B2 Uncommon An aircraft hired specifically for a particular route or purpose.  Normally a charter plane is for exclusive use by the paying cli… chateauesque-style シャトースクスタイル Noun C2 Common An effort to recreate the appearance and stylistic elements of the palatial French chateaus of the 16th century. Details borrow el… cheesesteak チーズステーキ Noun A2 Rare A sandwich consisting of thinly sliced beef topped with melted cheese and condiments (such as fried onions or peppers) on an Itali… chicory チコリ Noun C1 Rare A thick-rooted usually blue-flowered European perennial composite herb grown for its roots and as a salad plant. child prodigy 神童 Phrase B2 Uncommon A child prodigy is someone who is a master of one or more skills or arts at an early age.  One generally accepted heuristic for id… chlamydia クラミジア Noun C1 Rare Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. It can cause cervicitis i… cholesterol コレステロール Noun B2 Uncommon Cholesterol is a waxy substance found in your blood. Your body needs cholesterol to build healthy cells, but high levels of choles… chronicle クロニクルする, 記録する Verb C1 Uncommon To record or document an event or significant action.  clammy 冷たくベトベトした Adjective B2 Rare Being damp, soft, sticky. Clammy hands are cool and sweaty.  cloud クラウド Noun B2 Uncommon Normally refers to a server that is accessible on the public Internet.  The server may be hosting websites, or may be a destinatio… clutch タイムリーな Slang B2 Uncommon Performing successfully in a very important or critical situation especially during a sports competition.  In baseball, a clutch h… coastline 海岸線 Noun B1 Uncommon literally, the line where the land meets the sea. The physical edge of the land that abuts the sea. cobblestone 石畳 Adjective, Noun B2 Rare a small round stone used to pave streets and paths Codeine コデイン Noun C1 Rare Codeine is used to relieve mild to moderate pain. It belongs to the group of medicines called narcotic analgesics (pain medicines)… cognitive 認知の Adjective C1 Uncommon related to the mental processes of perception, memory, judgment, and reasoning cohesive 結束した（けっそくした） Adjective B2 Rare forming a united whole; well-integrated collapse 崩れる Verb B1 Uncommon To fall down abruptly and completely.  To break down completely.  Disintegrate. collapse 崩壊する Verb A2 Uncommon fall down or fail suddenly collateral 傍系の Adjective C1 Uncommon Related but not in a direct line of descent or main connection; secondary or side-related. colorful language 悪い言葉 Idiom B2 Uncommon A nice way to refer to speech that is vulgar or full of expletives.  Bad language. comedian コメディアン Noun A2 Uncommon A writer of comedies, an actor who plays comic roles, a comical individual; specifically : a professional entertainer who uses any… commission 手数料 Noun B1 Uncommon The payment of commission as remuneration for services rendered or products sold is a common way to reward sales people. Payments … compel 強制された（きょうせいされた） Verb B2 Uncommon force or motivate someone to do something compelling 説得力のある Adjective B2 Uncommon Evoking interest, attention, or admiration in a powerfully irresistible way. compilation 編纂 Noun B2 Rare the process of collecting and arranging information, documents, or other materials into a single work complex 複合施設 Noun B2 Uncommon A group of buildings or facilities that are related and located close together, used for a specific purpose. composer 作曲家 Noun B1 Uncommon A person who writes music, especially classical music comprehensive 包括的な Adjective B2 Uncommon Covering completely or broadly : inclusive, having or exhibiting wide scope. comprise 構成する Verb B2 Rare to be made up of; to consist of computer コンピューター Noun A1 Common A programmable, electronic device that can store, retrieve, display, and process data. computer science コンピュータサイエンス Noun B1 Common The science that deals with the theory and methods of processing information in digital computers, the design of computer hardware… concentrate 集中する Verb A2 Uncommon to focus attention or effort on one thing concert コンサート Noun A2 Common A public performance (as of music or dancing).  The venue for concerts can vary, from an indoor concert hall to an outdoor concert… concussion 脳震盪 Noun B2 Uncommon A jarring injury of the brain resulting in disturbance of cerebral function caused by a hard blow or collision. condescending 見下した、恩着せがましい Adjective C1 Uncommon Showing a superior attitude toward others; patronizing. conducive 助けになる Adjective C1 Rare making a certain situation or outcome likely or possible. conference them in 彼らを会議に参加させる Idiom C1 Common An informal phrase that indicates that some additional individuals will be joining a meeting via a conference call. confidence 自信 Noun A2 Common A feeling or consciousness of one's powers or knowledge in a specific situation. Being certain : certitude. confidential 機密の Adjective B1 Uncommon Private, secret. Information shared with someone with the understanding that it is private and should not be shared with other peo… configure 設定する、構成する Verb B2 Rare To arrange or set up a system, device, or software so it works in a desired way. confirmation process 確認プロセス Noun C1 Uncommon The process that is followed by the US government whereby the Senate gives "Advice and Consent" to a presidential nomination for a… confiscation 没収 Noun B2 Rare The seizure of something by some authority (such as the police). Guns, drugs, and other illegal items may be confiscated.  confluence 合流 Noun C1 Rare the junction of two or more rivers, especially rivers of approximately equal width. confrontation 対決 Noun B2 Uncommon A face-to-face meeting, the clashing of forces or ideas : conflict. connectivity 接続性 Noun B2 Rare The ability to connect to another computer or computer system. conservation 保全 Noun B2 Uncommon the act of preserving, protecting, or restoring the natural environment and its resources. conservative 保守的な Adjective B2 Uncommon Political views that favor free enterprise, private ownership, and socially conservative ideas; professing the principles of conse… conservatory 温室 Noun B2 Uncommon a glass building where plants are grown and displayed consider （、、、を、、、とみなす） Verb B1 Common As in "something is considered to be something", considered used in this context is an opinion or belief.  consists of 構成されている Phrase, Verb B1 Uncommon is made up of particular parts or elements constitution 憲法 Noun B1 Uncommon A formal document that states the basic principles and laws of a nation, state, or social group.  Constitutional Democratic Party 立憲民主党 Noun C1 Uncommon The Constitutional Democratic Party of Japan is a centre-left political party in Japan. The party was founded in October 2017 as a… constraint 制約 Noun B2 Rare A limitation or restriction that controls what you can do. content 大満足な Adjective B1 Uncommon Contented, satisfied, sufficiently happy with something. contentious 議論を呼ぶ、争い好きの、論争の多い Adjective C1 Rare Likely to cause disagreement or argument; controversial. continuous 連続的な Adjective B1 Uncommon Uninterrupted extension of something in a space, time, or sequence. contract 契約 Noun B1 Common A binding, legally enforceable agreement between two or more persons or parties.  A business arrangement for the supply of goods o… contributing factor 主な要因 Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon Something that is partly responsible for a development or phenomenon. controversial 物議を醸す Adjective B2 Uncommon Refers to something that causes controversy, disagreement or debate. controversy 論争 Noun B2 Uncommon A disagreement or argument, often involving differing opinions or views.  convene 呼び集める Verb B2 Rare To come or bring together people for a meeting or activity; assemble. conventional 従来の Adjective B2 Uncommon Describes something that is accepted, typical, or in line with what has been done in the past.  Has precedent.   conversation 会話 Noun A1 Common Oral exchange of sentiments, observations, opinions, or ideas between two or more people. cool 格好いい Adjective A2 Common Trendy, attractive, good-looking, stylish. COPD COPD Acronym, Noun C1 Common COPD means Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. COPD is the name for two major breathing diseases that cause airways to become “… copious 豊富な Adjective C1 Rare Large in quantity or number; abundant; plentiful. cornea 角膜 Noun B2 Rare The transparent part of the coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil and admits light to the interior of the eye. coronavirus コロナウイルス Noun B1 Rare Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. Most people infected with the CO… Councilwoman 女性評議員 Noun B2 Rare A woman who is a member of a council, normally at some level of government. counter カウンター Noun A2 Uncommon a long table or bar where customers sit or are served countermeasure 対策 Noun B2 Rare An action intended to negate or offset another action. counterparts 対照物 Noun B2 Rare Individuals or things that have a similar function or position in different contexts. For example, the counterpart of president Tr… coupon クーポン Noun A2 Uncommon A paper ticket or digital representation that provides the holder with a discount on the cost of a particular product or service. courthouse 裁判所 Noun B1 Uncommon A building in which legal cases are heard and decided. courtroom 法廷 Noun B2 Uncommon A room in which a court of law is held.   cozy 居心地の良い Adjective A2 Uncommon Comfortable and pleasant, often in a small place. Used in a pleasurable or romantic context. Cracker Jacks クラッカージャック Phrase, Proper Noun A2 Uncommon A caramel-coated popcorn snack food produced by the FritoLay corporation. It is a popular ballpark snack. The CRACKER JACK® brand … cram 詰め込む Verb A2 Uncommon To pack tight; to jam pack something into something (e.g, a bag, suitcase) in an unorganized, forceful way.  creep in 忍び寄る Idiom B2 Uncommon Occur or develop gradually and almost imperceptibly. criminal law 刑法 Noun B2 Common Criminal law is a system of laws concerned with punishment of individuals who commit crimes. A criminal prosecution involves the g… crisp パリッとした Adjective A2 Uncommon firm, dry, and brittle; providing a sharp sound when broken.  Can also refer to the cool weather typically in the morning hours. crisp さくさく Adjective A2 Uncommon clear, fresh, or more firm and brittle in texture. criss-cross 交差する Verb B2 Rare Form a pattern of intersecting lines or paths on a place.  To pass through back and forth. critical 重大な Adjective B1 Uncommon Of the greatest importance.  Describes something essential, required, not optional. criticism 批判 Noun A2 Uncommon The expression of disapproval of someone or something based on perceived faults or mistakes. critique 批評、講評、批判 Noun B2 Uncommon a detailed analysis and assessment of something; to evaluate and comment on it Crohn's Disease クローン病 Noun C1 Common A chronic inflammation that typically involves the lower portion of the ileum, often spreads to the colon, and is characterized by… crowdfunding クラウドファンディング Noun, Verb C1 Rare The practice of obtaining needed funding (as for a new business) by soliciting contributions from a large number of people especia… crush べた惚れ Noun A2 Common Romantic feelings for another person.  Having a crush on somebody means you like that person in a romantic way. cubicle キュービクル Noun B1 Uncommon A small partitioned space; especially : one with a desk used for work in a business office.  "Cube" for short. culprit 犯人 Noun B1 Uncommon a person who has committed a crime or is guilty of some misconduct. cultivate 培う Verb B2 Uncommon Develop, enhance, polish, improve (as in a skill) over time. cultural 文化的な Adjective A2 Uncommon related to the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a society. currency 通貨 (つうか) Noun A2 Uncommon The system of money in general use in a particular country. curtail 削減する Verb B2 Rare To decrease, or stop something entirely. custody 保護、拘留 Noun B2 Common Immediate charge and control (as over a ward or a suspect) exercised by a person or an authority; safekeeping. Arrest. customer service representative 顧客サービス担当者 Noun B1 Uncommon Customer service representatives answer questions and resolve problems. When a customer calls and has an issue that needs to be ha… damnation 天罰 Noun C1 Uncommon The concept of divine punishment and torment in an afterlife for actions that are considered against the tenets of the religion, m… deadline 締め切り Noun A2 Uncommon A date or time before which something must be done. deadpan 無表情な Adjective B2 Rare An impassive matter-of-fact manner, style, or expression. Not showing any emotion purposely. dealership 認定販売代理店 Noun B1 Uncommon An authorized sales agency, or an individual that works at such an agency.  Often car sales organizations are referred to as car d… debate ディベート Noun B1 Uncommon Debate is a process that involves formal discussion on a particular topic. In a debate, opposing arguments are put forward to argu… debriefing 報告 Noun C1 Rare A meeting in which someone is interrogated, usually upon return from some event, in order to obtain useful information. debut デビュー Noun B2 Uncommon A first appearance.  Normally refers to the debut of a movie star, musician or other performer. decry 非難する Verb C1 Rare To condemn something as wrong or reprehensible.  To criticize something as bad, without value, or unnecessary. dedicated 専念した Adjective, Verb B1 Uncommon someone or something that is devoted to a task or purpose defend 守る Verb A2 Common To drive danger or attack away from, to maintain or support in the face of argument or hostile criticism. defendant 被告 Noun B2 Uncommon A person or group against whom a criminal or civil action is brought : someone who is being sued or accused of committing a crime. defenestration 窓外投擲事件 Noun C2 Rare the act of throwing someone out of a window. Note this is not a common word but a good one for trivia contests! defense 防衛 Noun B1 Common In American football, the group of eleven players that are defending their goal. deja-vu 既視感 Noun B2 Rare The illusion of remembering scenes and events when experienced for the first time.  A feeling that one has seen or heard something… delay of game penalty ゲームペナルティの遅延 Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon In American football, an infraction of the rule that states that the offense has 30 seconds to hike the ball, i.e., to start a pla… delicacy 繊細さ Noun B2 Uncommon Being dainty or careful.  Fine, exquisite, or intricate.   delivery 配達 Noun A2 Common The transportation of something to a specified location. delve 深く調べる、掘り下げる Verb B2 Rare to search deeply into a subject or topic; to investigate thoroughly demand 需要 Noun B1 Common In economics, the need for a particular product or service.  Supply and demand are co-existing concepts in economics.   Democratic Party 民主党 Noun B2 Uncommon One of the two main political parties of the US, also known as the Democrats. The Democratic Party's policies (policy) are more li… demolition 解体（かいたい） Noun B1 Uncommon the act of tearing down a building or structure demonstration デモ Noun B1 Uncommon A protest, or other action that organizes people in defiance of some authority, concept, or person that is in a position of author… depict 描く Verb B2 Rare To describe something, often with visual representation such as a painting or drawing. depiction 描写 Noun B2 Rare a representation or illustration of something; can be a written description. deranged 乱心者 Adjective C1 Uncommon Mentally unsound.  Crazed, disturbed.  Wildly odd or eccentric. deride 嘲笑する Verb C1 Rare To laugh at or insult with contempt. To express a lack of respect or approval of something. descended 子孫である Verb B1 Uncommon Being related to someone from an earlier generation; coming from an ancestor. designate 登録する Verb B2 Rare to officially record or recognize something designated 指定された Adjective, Verb B2 Uncommon appointed or marked for a particular purpose designated hitter 指名打者 Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon In baseball, the designated hitter is a player that bats, but does not take a position on the field. Only one designated hitter is… desperate 必死の Adjective B1 Common Having lost hope.  Despair or utter loss of hope. Will grasp at any opportunity regardless of the consequences. despite にもかかわらず Preposition A2 Common Without being affected by something; even though something happens or exists. destination 目的地 Noun A2 Uncommon the place where someone or something is going destroy 破壊する Verb B2 Common To destroy someone means to ruin their life or to make their situation impossible to bear.  detached retina 網膜剥離 Noun, Phrase C1 Rare Retinal detachment describes an emergency situation in which a thin layer of tissue (the retina) at the back of the eye pulls away… detection 探知 Noun B2 Uncommon The process of being discovered, found, or noticed. detective 探偵 Noun A2 Common Someone whose job is to discover what has happened in a crime or other situation and to find the people involved.  A detective is … detour 少し外れる Noun B1 Uncommon a different route; a small change from the main path or plan devastated 荒廃した Adjective B2 Uncommon extremely sad or shocked; destroyed or ruined. developer 開発者 Noun B1 Uncommon Normally in the context of software development, a developer is a technical professional that writes software code. deviate 逸脱する Verb B2 Rare To stray especially from a standard, principle, or topic, to depart from an established course, norm or precedent. device driver デバイスドライバ Noun C1 Common Software that allows the operating system to communicate with and control a hardware device. devilish 魔性の Adjective B2 Rare Evil, sinister, mischievous, roguish. diagnostic 診断に役立つ Adjective B2 Uncommon Describes a type of test or measurement that is used to arrive at a diagnosis.   difficult 気難しい Adjective B2 Common Not easy to please or satisfy.  Having traits or characteristics that make it difficult, if not impossible, to convince or persuad… digital rectal exam 直腸指診 Noun, Phrase C1 Rare A digital rectal exam (DRE) is a test that examines a person's lower rectum, pelvis, and lower belly. This test can help your doct… digress 話を逸らす Verb B2 Rare To deviate or move away from the main subject of attention or course of argument, often temporarily. dimensions 寸法 Noun B1 Uncommon Measurements such as length, width, and height; the size or extent of something. diplomat 外交官たち Noun B1 Uncommon Someone officially representing their country in foreign affairs. diplomatic 外交の Adjective B2 Uncommon relating to diplomacy, the profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations. diplomatic relations official 外交関係者 Noun C1 Uncommon A government employee that is responsible for diplomatic relations with other government entities or groups. directive 指令 Noun B2 Uncommon An authoritative instruction, direction, or specific order, often from a government or other formal institution. discount 割引 Noun A2 Uncommon A reduction made from the value of something for sale, such as a reduction made from a regular price. discrimination 差別 Noun B2 Uncommon A prejudiced outlook, action, or treatment of an individual based on race, religion, or other defining characteristic. disease 疾患 Noun A2 Common A sickness or illness that impairs normal functioning and is typically manifested by distinguishing signs and symptoms. disillusioned 幻滅 Adjective B2 Rare Having lost faith or trust in something formerly regarded as sincere or factual. Disappointing. dismantle 解体された Verb B1 Uncommon take apart; break down. dismiss 解雇する Verb B2 Uncommon Refers to an employee or worker that was removed from their position or service; discharged, fired, laid off. dismissal 却下 Noun B2 Uncommon The act of treating something as unworthy of serious consideration; rejection. disparate 異なる Adjective C1 Rare Something composed of fundamentally different and often incongruous elements. disperse 分散させる Verb B2 Uncommon To spread or distribute widely, to cause to evaporate or vanish.  dispute 論争する Verb B2 Uncommon To engage in argument : debate, to call into question or cast doubt upon a situation or decision. disrepair 放置 Noun B2 Rare the state of being in need of repair or maintenance district 地区 Noun A2 Common an area of a city or town with a particular character or purpose diva 歌姫 Noun B2 Uncommon Prima donna, a usually glamorous and successful female performer or personality.  A popular female singer. divest 売却する Verb C1 Rare Reduce, dispose of, sell, or cease to hold an investment. division 分断 Noun A2 Uncommon Separation, split.  Not being together.   docent 案内人 Noun C1 Rare a person who teaches or gives lectures, especially in a museum or educational setting. dodge 避ける、かわす Verb B1 Uncommon To move quickly to avoid something, or to avoid doing something. dodgy 怪しい Adjective B2 Uncommon suspicious, unreliable, or likely to cause problems domain 藩 Noun C1 Uncommon In feudal Japan, a large region of land governed by a daimyo under the authority of the shogun. down ダウン Noun C1 Common In American football, the offense is given four downs, or tries, to move the ball 10 yards for a first down. If they are unsuccess… download ダウンロード Verb A2 Uncommon To transfer data or files from one computer to another.  Most often, the source computer is in the cloud, accessed via the Interne… downstream 下流 (かりゅう) Noun A2 Uncommon the direction in which a river flows away from its source dramatic 劇的な Adjective B1 Common causing strong emotion, sudden change, or a striking effect; also relating to drama or theater dreary 陰鬱な Adjective B2 Uncommon Dull, bleak, and depressing; lacking in cheer or comfort. drizzle 小雨 Noun, Verb A2 Rare light rain falling in very small drops drop the case 訴訟の取り下げ Idiom B2 Common Drop the charges in regards to a court case.  Legal meaning is to "drop the charges", often because the victim decides to stop coo… drumstick ドラムスティック Noun A2 Rare The leg portion of a chicken or turkey. drunk 酔った人 Noun B1 Common A person that is habitually drunk.  An alcoholic.  Duomo ドゥオーモ Noun B2 Rare A cathedral in the Italian language, typically of Catholic Church. eagerly 熱心に Adjective B1 Uncommon Enthusiastic or impatient desire or interest. Earth 地球 Noun A1 Common Earth is the third planet from the sun. It's the only planet known to have an atmosphere containing breathable air, oceans of wate… eclectic 折衷的な Adjective B2 Rare Deriving ideas, style, or taste from a broad and diverse range of sources. economy 経済 Noun B1 Uncommon The conditions of economic life, often measured using statistics such as Gross National Product (GNP), unemployment rate, poverty … ecstatic 大喜び Adjective B2 Uncommon extremely happy and excited efficacious 効果的な Adjective C1 Rare Effective.  Having the power and ability to produce a desired effect elated 大喜びする Verb B2 Rare To make someone happy, proud, exultant.  To be elated is to be very happy. elated 非常に嬉しい Adjective B2 Rare extremely happy and excited election 選挙 Noun A2 Uncommon A formal and organized choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position. electricity 電気 Noun A1 Uncommon A fundamental form of energy that occurs naturally (as in lightning) or is produced (as in a generator).  electrocardiogram 心電図 Noun C1 Rare An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) records the electrical signal from your heart to check for different heart conditions. Electrode… elementary school 小学校 Noun A1 Uncommon A school including usually the first four to the first eight grades and often a kindergarten. elevation 標高 Noun B2 Uncommon the height to which something is raised or situated elite エリートな Adjective B2 Uncommon Advanced, highest level.  An elite athlete is among the top athletes in their sport. elitism エリート主義 Noun C1 Rare A philosophy that some individuals are special, or elite, and therefore better than other individuals. Email Reader メールリーダー Noun B1 Uncommon An application that is used to read, write, and send emails.  Each personal computer operating system provides a bundled email rea… embankment 土塁 Noun B2 Rare a raised bank of earth or stones used for protection or support embarrassment 恥ずかしさ Noun A2 Uncommon An individual's feeling of shame or uneasiness due to something exposed accidentally or discovered by someone else.   emerge 現れる Verb B1 Uncommon To come out from somewhere; to become visible, known, or important. emit 放出する Verb B2 Rare To throw or give off, to send out.  To discharge something, such as radiation, odors, gas, or other substance. emotion 感情 Noun B1 Uncommon A mental reaction (such as anger or fear) experienced as a strong feeling. Emperor 天皇 Noun B1 Common The sovereign or supreme male monarch of an empire. emphysema 肺気腫 Noun C1 Rare Emphysema is a lung condition that causes shortness of breath. In people with emphysema, the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) are d… employee evaluations 従業員の評価 Noun C1 Rare A manager's task to periodically judge the effectiveness of each of his employees, and report the results to upper management.  Em… Empress 皇后 Noun B1 Uncommon The wife or widow of an emperor, a woman who is the sovereign or supreme monarch of an empire. emulate 模倣する Verb B2 Rare To match or imitate someone or something. enamored 魅せられた Adjective C1 Rare Affected by strong feelings of love, admiration, or fascination. encompass 包含する Verb B2 Rare Include, contain, envelop, to form a circle about, or enclose. endearing 愛らしい Adjective B2 Rare Inspiring affection or warm feelings. endowment 基金 Noun C1 Rare a fund given to support an institution or purpose over time enlarged prostate 前立腺肥大 Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon An enlarged prostate means the gland has grown bigger. Prostate enlargement happens to almost all men as they get older.  An enlar… enlightened 悟りを開いた Adjective, Verb C1 Uncommon Having deep spiritual knowledge or understanding; in Buddhism, having reached enlightenment. enormous 巨大な Adjective A2 Uncommon Very large in size, quantity, or extent. entangle 巻き込む Verb B2 Rare To involve in a perplexing or troublesome situation. enterprise 企業 Noun B1 Uncommon A business organization.  Within a company, an enterprise can refer to a division that has company-wide authority or responsibilit… enthusiasm 熱意 Noun B1 Uncommon Strong feeling of excitement : ardor, zeal. entice 誘惑する Verb B2 Rare Attract or tempt by offering pleasure or advantage. entitled 権利が与えられた Adjective, Verb B1 Uncommon Having the right to do or receive something. entrance 入口 Noun A1 Common a place where you can enter a building or area entrepreneur 起業家 Noun B2 Uncommon An individual that starts and runs their own businesses. environment 環境 Noun A2 Uncommon The surroundings or conditions in which a person, animal, or plant lives or operates. environmentalist 環境保護者 Noun B1 Rare a person who is focused on the preservation, restoration, and improvement of the natural environment envision 想像する Verb B2 Rare To imagine or picture in one's mind. epidemic 伝染病 Noun B2 Uncommon An outbreak of disease that spreads quickly and affects many individuals at the same time. especially 特に Adverb A2 Common In particular, particularly.  Focusing on something specific more than other things. essentially 本質的に Adverb B2 Uncommon in its basic or fundamental nature; for the most part establishment 設立 Noun B2 Uncommon The formal founding of an organization, company, or other group. estate 邸宅 Noun B1 Common a large house and the land around it etch 刻む Verb B2 Rare Literally, to carve or cut a design or letters into a material or surface.  Figuratively, a particularly powerful memory, image or… Ethernet イーサネット Noun C1 Rare A computer wired network architecture consisting of various specified local-area network protocols, devices, and connection method… eventually やがて Adverb B1 Common At an unspecified later time. Finally. excel 優れている Verb B1 Uncommon To surpass others or be superior to others in something. exchange やりとり Noun A2 Common The act of giving or taking one thing in return for another.  Back and forth. exclusive 排他的な Adjective B1 Uncommon Allowing only certain people to participate or join.  Prohibit others not in the club or organization to join. Something that is e… exclusively 独占的に Adverb B1 Uncommon Only; solely. In a way limited to a single person, group, category, method, etc. excursion 小旅行、遠足 Noun B1 Uncommon a short trip or outing, usually for pleasure excuse 言い訳 Noun A2 Common Giving a reason as justification for doing something that is considered to be negative in some way.    executable 実行可能ファイル Noun B2 Rare File or program that can be run by a computer to perform tasks. exhibit 展示 Noun B1 Uncommon an object or display shown in a museum or similar place; also, to show publicly exhibition 展示 Noun B1 Uncommon A public display of works of art or items of interest. exhibits 展示品 Noun B1 Uncommon Items shown in a public display exile 流刑 Noun, Verb B2 Uncommon the state of being sent away from one's home or country as punishment exonerate 免罪する Verb C1 Rare To clear someone from accusation or blame. expansive 広大な Adjective B2 Rare covering a wide area; extensive. expat 外国人駐在員 Noun B2 Rare a person living in a foreign country for work or personal reasons experience 経験 Noun A2 Common Direct participation in an activity or endeavor that one remembers, and from which gains knowledge. exploit 利用する Verb B2 Uncommon To take advantage of a weakness in something or someone. Benefit in a way considered unfair or underhanded. exquisite 精巧な Adjective B2 Uncommon extremely beautiful and delicate. extensible 拡張可能な Adjective C1 Rare Capable of being extended beyond its current form.  Computers that are extensible can be expanded to add more power, speed, or oth… extraterritoriality 治外法権 Noun C2 Rare A legal situation where foreigners in a country are not subject to that country’s laws but to the laws of their own country. exude しみ出る Verb C1 Rare Display an emotion or quality strongly and openly. facade 外観 Noun B2 Uncommon The front of a building, especially an imposing or decorative one; often written as façade. facade ファサード、外観、建物の正面 Noun B2 Uncommon The front face of a building; also, an outward appearance that hides something else. farewells 別れ Noun A2 Rare A wish of well-being at parting : goodbye, referring to an act of departure. fatigue 疲労 Noun B1 Uncommon The feeling of having been drained of strength and energy.  Tired. felon 重罪犯人 Noun B2 Uncommon Literally, one who has committed a felony level crime.  A criminal. ferocity 獰猛さ (どうもうさ) Noun C1 Rare savagery, fierceness, or extreme force ferry フェリー Noun A2 Uncommon a boat or ship used to carry people, vehicles, or goods across water fervent 熱烈な Adjective C1 Rare Marked by great intensity of feeling : zealous. festival 祭り Noun A2 Uncommon a special event or celebration, often with food, music, or performances feta cheese フェタチーズ Noun, Phrase A2 Rare Cheese made from goat or sheep milk.  It is popular in Greece and other Mediterranean countries. feudal 封建 Adjective B2 Rare related to a historical system in which land and power were controlled by lords and vassals field goal フィールドゴール Noun, Phrase B2 Common In American football, a field goal is an attempt to kick the ball between the goal posts. The ball must be kicked off the ground, … fielder's choice 野手の選択 Idiom C1 Common A situation in baseball in which a batter reaches base safely because the fielder attempts to put out another base runner on the p… fierce 激しい Adjective B1 Uncommon Violently hostile or aggressive in temperament, given to fighting or killing : pugnacious, marked by unrestrained zeal or vehemenc… figurative 具象的な Adjective B2 Rare Representing real objects or people in a realistic way, as opposed to abstract. financial 財政的な Adjective A2 Uncommon Related to money or the management of money. financier 金融家 Noun C1 Rare A person who manages, invests, or supplies money, especially on a large scale. fire 解雇する Verb B1 Common To dismiss an employee.  Sack, let go of an employee. fire drill 消防訓練 Noun A2 Uncommon A practice drill in extinguishing fires or in the conduct and manner of exit in case of fire. fire pit 炉 Noun B1 Uncommon An outdoor hole dug into the ground or encased in a surrounding structure of masonry in which a fire is kept burning for cooking, … firm 硬め Adjective A2 Common solid or not soft; difficult to press into first-level support 第1レベルのサポート Noun C1 Common The first level support is the first contact point for all incoming technical support requests.  People in this group are responsi… fiscal 財政上の Adjective C1 Uncommon related to government or public money, especially taxes and spending fixture 設備 Noun B2 Rare An items that is fixed or attached to a property and cannot be easily moved. flexible 融通のきく Adjective A2 Uncommon A ready capability to adapt to new, different, or changing requirements. foliage 葉 (は) Noun C1 Rare the leaves of a plant or tree folk song 民謡 Noun A2 Uncommon A traditional or composed song typically characterized by stanzaic form, refrain, and simplicity of melody.  football フットボール Noun B1 Common An American game that is played between two teams of 11 players each and in which the ball is moved forward by running or passing. footbridge 歩道橋 Noun A2 Rare a small bridge for people to walk across forecast 予報 Noun A2 Uncommon a prediction about future weather or conditions foremost 最も重要な（もっともじゅうような） Adjective B2 Uncommon most important; leading fortitude 不屈の精神 Noun C1 Rare Strength of mind that enables a person to encounter danger or bear pain with courage and strength.  Determination. fortress 砦 Noun B1 Uncommon a strong military building or defensive structure fortuitous 偶然の Adjective C1 Rare Good fortune happening by chance; accidental: lucky; fortunate. fortuitously 偶然に Adverb C1 Rare in a way that happens by chance rather than being planned. frustrated 欲求不満な Verb B1 Uncommon Feeling, showing, or characterized by frustration: such as, feeling discouragement, anger, and annoyance because of unresolved pro… frustrating もどかしい Adjective B1 Uncommon causing feelings of annoyance and dissatisfaction because things are not going as expected fumarole 噴気孔 Noun C1 Rare an opening in the ground that releases steam and gases fumble 手探り Noun, Verb B1 Rare In American football, a fumble is when a player carrying the ball drops the ball to the ground. Either an offensive player or a de… funnel 漏斗 Noun, Verb A2 Uncommon something that narrows a flow into a smaller space or opening furnish 家具を揃える Verb B2 Rare to provide with what is needed; to equip with furniture, supply, give furthermore 更に Adverb A2 Uncommon In addition.   Besides.  On top of that. gag ギャグ Noun B2 Uncommon A comic bit or episode whose effect is produced by pantomime or camera shot rather than by words. gallivant 遊びまわる Verb C1 Rare Go around from one place to another in the pursuit of pleasure or entertainment. gastroenterologist 消化器専門医 Noun C1 Rare A doctor that specializes in a branch of medicine concerned with the structure, functions, diseases, and pathology of the stomach … gauze ガーゼ Noun B2 Uncommon A loosely woven cotton cloth typically used for dressing a wound. geek オタク Slang B2 Uncommon An enthusiast or expert especially in a technological field or activity.  general practitioner 一般開業医 Noun C1 Rare A medical practitioner whose practice is not limited to any specific branch of medicine or class of diseases. genesis 創世記 Noun C1 Uncommon The origin or coming into being of something; the beginning.  Origin from the Christian Bible's Old Testament - Book of Genesis. geologically 地質学的に Adverb C1 Uncommon In a way that relates to the Earth's physical structure, rocks, and the processes that shape them. get his head around it その事を考えて理解する Idiom B2 Common To fully understand, comprehend.  To get one's head around something means to think about it carefully and thoroughly so it can be… ghost gun ゴーストガン Noun, Phrase C2 Common A gun that is assembled from parts that are created and sold by illicit gun manufacturers on the Internet. Ghost guns do not have … give notice （退職の）通知をする Verb B2 Common The announcement of an individual's intention to quit their job.  Can be written or verbal. glance ちらっと見る Verb A2 Uncommon To take a quick look at someone or something. gland 腺 Noun B2 Uncommon A gland is an organ which produces and releases substances that perform a specific function in the body. There are two types of gl… glaucoma 緑内障 Noun C1 Rare A disease of the eye marked by increased pressure within the eyeball that can result in damage to the optic disk and gradual loss … glimpse ちらりと見ること Noun A2 Uncommon A quick or brief look at something, often not very clear or complete. gloomy 陰気な Adjective A2 Uncommon Dark, sad, or lacking in light; can also refer to a dreary or depressed atmosphere. go Dutch 割り勘にする Idiom B2 Uncommon Go to a movie, restaurant, etc., as a group with each person paying for his or her own ticket, food, etc. Usually used when on a d… golden retriever ゴールデンレトリバー Noun B1 Rare A breed of medium-sized retrievers having a moderately long golden coat. gondola ゴンドラ Noun B1 Rare A type of boat or a cable car used for transport. Good Samaritan 善きサマリア人 Proper Noun C1 Uncommon The Good Samaritan parable is one of the most well known Christian gospel stories. The story is told in Luke 10:29–37: A man going… gorge 峡谷 Noun B2 Uncommon a narrow valley between hills or mountains, typically with steep rocky walls and often containing a stream or river. gorgeous 豪華な、美しい Adjective A2 Common Very beautiful, attractive, or impressive. got it 了解した Idiom A1 Common Used to say that one understands whatever was said. Gothic ゴシック Adjective, Noun B2 Uncommon relating to a style of art, architecture, or literature that features pointed arches, dark or dramatic elements, or medieval chara… goulash グーラッシュ Noun B1 Rare A Hungarian stew of meat and vegetables, seasoned with paprika and other spices. government 政府 Noun A2 Common The body of persons that constitutes the governing authority of a city, state, or country.  A government consists of both elected … gradually 徐々に Adverb B1 Uncommon slowly over a period of time graduate 卒業する Verb A2 Uncommon To receive an academic degree or diploma, to pass from one stage of experience, proficiency, or prestige to a usually higher one. grandeur 壮大さ、雄大さ、荘厳さ Noun C1 Uncommon magnificent beauty or splendor; impressiveness in appearance or style grandstand 観覧席 Noun B2 Rare a large seating area, usually raised, where spectators can watch an event granite 花崗岩 Noun B1 Uncommon A common type of intrusive, igneous rock composed mostly of quartz and feldspar. green light 許可 Noun B1 Common Authority or permission to proceed. grimace しかめっ面をする Verb B2 Rare To distort one's face in an expression usually of pain, disgust, or disapproval. Frown. grin ニヤニヤ Noun A2 Uncommon Smile.  The primary meaning is a smile that indicates great happiness.  But, grin can have a negative connotation.   It's sometime… grounds 敷地 Noun A2 Uncommon the land surrounding a building or place guided ガイド付き Adjective, Verb A2 Uncommon led or accompanied by a guide; someone knowledgeable. guilty 有罪の Adjective A2 Common Admitting or having it proven that someone has performed some action.  In a courtroom, usually evidence is provided in an effort t… Guinness ギネス Noun A2 Uncommon Guinness is a traditional Irish stout beer made from barley, hops, water, and a specific strain of ale yeast. The dark ale is know… guitarist ギタリスト Noun A2 Uncommon Someone who is competent in playing the guitar, usually considered a professional. gullible 騙されやすい Adjective B2 Uncommon Easily tricked or deceived because of a tendency to believe others too readily. gun control 銃規制 Noun B2 Common A regulation that limits the selling, owning, and use of guns based on gun control laws. halftime ハーフタイム Noun A2 Rare In American football, the intermission, or break, in the game between the 2nd and 3rd quarters. Normally there is some sort of ent… hamlet 小さな村 Noun B2 Uncommon A very small village or settlement in the countryside. handful 厄介者 Noun B2 Uncommon A person who is very difficult to deal with or control.  Often used to refer to children. hanker 切望する Verb B2 Common To have a strong or persistent desire; yearn.  "A hankering", which transforms the verb into a noun,  is a colloquial way of sayin… happenstance 偶然 Noun B2 Rare Something that occurs by chance or is unplanned. Coincidence. harassment 嫌がらせ Noun B2 Uncommon To annoy persistently, to create an unpleasant or hostile situation.  Uninvited and unwelcome verbal or physical conduct that caus… harbor 港 Noun A2 Uncommon A place on the coast where ships can stay safely, often with docks and other facilities. hard disk drive ハードディスクドライブ Noun B2 Uncommon Commonly known as HDD.  A computer storage device that holds all files on the system.  Once data is written to a hard drive, it st… hard to fathom 理解するのは難しい Phrase, Verb B2 Uncommon Difficult to understand or comprehend. hardship 苦難 Noun B1 Uncommon A condition that causes difficulty or suffering, for example, being without a job or enough money. hardware ハードウェア Noun B1 Uncommon The core components that together run the computer.  These would include the CPU, motherboard, case, monitor, and any other tangib… havoc 大混乱 Noun B2 Uncommon Wide and general destruction : devastation, great confusion and disorder. hearing 公聴会 Noun B2 Common A formal proceeding at which evidence and arguments may be presented on the matter at issue to be decided by a person or body havi… heart 心臓 Noun A1 Common The heart is a muscular organ in most animals, which pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. heart CT scan 心臓CTスキャン Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon A computed tomography (CT) scan of the heart is an imaging method that uses x-rays to create detailed pictures of the heart and it… heat-resistant 耐熱性 Adjective B2 Uncommon Not easily burned or melted.  Protected by material that can withstand extreme heat. heinous 凶悪な Adjective C1 Uncommon Hatefully or shockingly evil, abominable. Utterly reprehensible; odious. helicopter ヘリコプター Noun A2 Uncommon A type of aircraft in which lift and thrust are supplied by horizontally-spinning rotors. This allows the helicopter to take off a… hemorrhoids 痔 Noun C1 Rare An abnormal mass of dilated and engorged blood vessels in swollen tissue that occurs internally in the anal canal or externally ar… herding cats 纏めるのが難しい Idiom B2 Rare A futile attempt to control or organize people which are inherently uncontrollable, as in the difficulty of attempting to command … hiatus 休止 Noun B2 Rare A pause or gap in a sequence, series, or process.  A temporary absence, often brief in duration. hierarchy 階層 Noun B2 Uncommon A system or organization in which people or groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority.  In a company,… high school 高校 Noun A1 Common A high school is a secondary school, where teenagers are educated before starting college or getting jobs. Most high schools in th… hike ハイキング Noun, Verb A2 Uncommon a long walk, especially in the countryside or mountains hillside 斜面 Noun A2 Uncommon the sloping side of a hill hiring suspended 雇い止め Noun B2 Uncommon Stopping or suspending the hiring of an employee hit it off 意気投合する Idiom B1 Common To become friends quickly with someone. hit the spot 申し分ない Idiom B2 Common To satisfy something, such as hunger or a craving.  Refers to something that gives the feeling of total satisfaction. home run ホームラン Noun A2 Common A hit in baseball that enables the batter to make a complete circuit of the bases and score a run.  Typically the ball is hit over… honeymoon 新婚旅行 Noun A2 Uncommon a vacation taken by newly married people hopeful 有望な人 Noun B1 Uncommon A person likely or hoping to succeed. horde 大群、群衆 Noun B2 Uncommon large group of people or animals, often moving in an uncontrolled way hormone ホルモン Noun B1 Uncommon A hormone is a chemical that is made by specialist cells, usually within an endocrine gland, and it is released into the bloodstre… horrendous 恐ろしい Adjective B2 Uncommon Extremely bad or unpleasant : horrible, dreadful. horrid 恐ろしい Adjective B1 Uncommon Innately offensive or repulsive; shocking, nasty, disgusting. hotel industry 宿泊業 Noun B1 Uncommon Hotel, motel, or lodging industry.　Some online translation services give the phrase 'accommodation business' as the translation. hothead 血の気の多い人 Noun B2 Rare A person that has a short temper, is easy to make angry, and displays their anger in an overtly demonstrative way.   House of Representatives 衆議院 Noun C1 Uncommon House of Representatives (lower house of the National Diet of Japan).The composition of the House is established by Article 41 of … housing 宿泊施設 Noun B1 Uncommon A building or set of buildings where people can stay or live, often provided for a specific group. housing facility 宿泊施設 Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon A building or place that provides accommodation for people to stay, often for a specific group such as company employees. HOV 高占有車両 Abbreviation C1 Rare High-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lanes are one or more lanes of a roadway that have restrictions on use to encourage ridesharing and c… HR 人事 Abbreviation, Phrase B2 Uncommon Human Resources.  Human resources is used to describe both the people who work for a company or organization and the department re… hue 色合い、色調 Noun B2 Uncommon a particular shade or tone of color hulk ずうたいの大きな男や物 Noun B2 Uncommon Indirectly refers to the fictional character "The Incredible Hulk" in describing someone or something that is of great strength an… humid 湿気がこもる Adjective A2 Uncommon having a lot of moisture in the air hydrangea 紫陽花 Noun B2 Rare a garden plant with large round flowers, often blue, pink, or purple hydroelectric 水力電気の Adjective C1 Rare Powered by the electricity generated by water power.  A particular type of power plant that uses water power to generate electrici… hypocrisy 偽善 Noun B2 Uncommon Pretending to be what one is not, or to appear to believe what one does not believe in.  A contradiction of what one claims to bel… hysteria ヒステリー Noun B2 Uncommon Behavior exhibiting overwhelming or unmanageable fear or emotional excess. I could eat a horse 私はとってもお腹が空いています。 Idiom B1 Common An exaggerated statement of how hungry the speaker is.  This expression is commonly used by the baby boomer generation. iconic 象徴的な Adjective B2 Uncommon widely recognized and well-established idyllic 牧歌的な Adjective B2 Rare Pleasing or picturesque in natural simplicity. illuminate 照らす Verb A2 Rare To light something up; to make something bright with light. immensely 非常に Adverb B1 Uncommon To a very great or immense degree or extent : exceedingly, enormously. immigrant 移民 Noun B1 Uncommon A person who comes to a country to take up permanent residence. immobilized 固定された Adjective B2 Rare To reduce or eliminate motion of the body (or a body part) by mechanical means or by strict bed rest. immuno-compromised 免疫力が低下している Adjective C1 Uncommon A condition in which a person's immune system is impaired or weakened (by drugs or illness). imperial 帝国の Adjective B2 Uncommon Related to an empire. Typical referring to a King or Queen. impressed 感銘を受けた、感心した Verb A2 Common feeling admiration or respect because of something good or impressive impromptu 即興に Adjective B2 Rare Something done on the spur of the moment, without previous preparation; extemporaneous. in a fog 途方にくれて Idiom B2 Uncommon In a state of perplexity; unable to think clearly or understand something. in circulation 流通中 Noun B2 Uncommon In general distribution. When something is "in circulation" it means that it has been sold or distributed widely. in cold blood 冷酷に Idiom, Phrase B2 Common Premeditatedly and deliberately, without provocation · The criminal intent which precedes a crime, especially murder. Usually prec… in no uncertain terms はっきりと、確実的な Idiom B2 Uncommon In a very clear and direct way. Certainly.　 Clearly. in sync 同期して Idiom B2 Uncommon A state in which two or more people or things agree with or match one another and work together properly. in the act 途端 Idiom, Phrase B1 Common In the process of doing something.  Often used in the context of being caught while doing something illegal, e.g. "caught in the a… Incarnation 具現化 Noun C1 Rare A physical embodiment or representation of a concept or idea, often in a human form. inception 始め Noun B2 Rare The beginning, from commencement.   incident 事件 Noun B1 Common An occurrence of an action or situation. incline 傾向 Verb B2 Rare To lean or bend in a particular direction; a tendency to prefer something. inclined 上り坂 Adjective, Verb B1 Uncommon sloping upward; not level income 所得 Noun A2 Uncommon A gain or recurrent benefit usually measured in money that derives from capital or labor. incompetence 無能 Adjective B2 Uncommon lack of ability or capability inconclusive 決定的ではない Adjective B2 Uncommon Having no conclusion or definite result. independent 独立の Adjective A2 Uncommon Not dependent, not subject to control by others. Self-governing, not affiliated with another entity. indeterminable 非定型の（ひていけいの） Adjective C1 Rare not able to be determined or established indicate 示す Verb A2 Uncommon to make reference to, to point towards or show something, or to make a brief statement acknowledging something. indigenous 土着の Adjective C1 Uncommon Relating to the earliest known inhabitants of a place, especially of a place that was colonized by a now-dominant group. indiscriminate 無差別の Adjective B2 Rare Something done without consideration and discernment; without considering harm or damage done; without choosing or judging careful… industrialization 産業化 Noun B2 Rare The process by which a country or region develops large-scale industries and factories. inevitability 必然性 Noun C1 Rare Something that is incapable of being avoided or evaded. inevitable 避けられない Adjective B2 Uncommon Something that is sure to happen. inexplicable 不可解な Adjective B2 Uncommon Incapable of being explained, interpreted, or accounted for. infamy 悪名 Noun C1 Rare A bad reputation brought about by something grossly criminal, shocking, or brutal.  The notoriety gained from a negative incident … infected 感染した Adjective B1 Uncommon Having an infection.  Being contaminated with a bacterium or virus. infection 感染 Noun A2 Uncommon An infection occurs when another organism enters your body and causes disease. The organisms that cause infections are very divers… infectious 伝染性の Adjective B2 Uncommon Able to spread from one person to another; easily affecting others. Often used in terms of a virus, but can also describe feelings… inflict 与える Verb B2 Uncommon Cause pain, injury, damage, or suffering to someone or something. influence 影響 Verb B1 Uncommon To change or sway someone's opinion or perspective about something.  infringe 侵害する Verb B2 Rare To partially or fully break a contract or agreement.  To act in such a way that violates the law or the rights of another. infused 注入された Verb C1 Rare to fill something with a quality or feeling; filled. inhabitants 住民 Noun B1 Uncommon The people or animals that live in a particular place. inhaler 吸入器 Noun B1 Uncommon Inhalers can deliver medicines to the airways that help prevent asthma attacks, relieve symptoms during an asthma attack, or do bo… inning イニング Noun B1 Uncommon A portion of a baseball game consisting of a turn at bat for each team. Each team bats in its half inning.  After both teams bat, … innovation 革新 Noun B2 Uncommon The process of creating new ideas, products, or methods. innovative 革新的な Adjective B2 Uncommon featuring new methods, ideas, or products; very original and creative inquisitive 好奇心旺盛な Adjective C1 Rare Inordinately or improperly curious about the affairs of others. Someone who asks a lot of probing questions. inspection 検査 Noun B1 Uncommon A check or test of something to confirm that it is in the desired or normal state.  Results of the inspection are compared against… Instagram インスタグラム Noun A2 Uncommon An online, cloud-based photo-sharing service that is accessible from the Internet. instigate 扇動する Verb C1 Rare To goad or urge forward : provoke. instill 植え付ける Verb C1 Rare Gradually but firmly establish (an idea or attitude, especially a desirable one) in a person's mind. instinctively 本能的に Adjective B1 Uncommon Spontaneously, as if the decision to act was not thought through.  Relying on instincts. insurmountable 打ち勝ち難い Adjective C1 Rare Something that is too difficult or too great to overcome. insurrection 暴動 Noun C1 Rare A revolt against civil authority or an established government by its citizens. intact そのままで Adjective A2 Uncommon Something unharmed by a destructive event.  Not damaged or impaired in any way. integrate 統合する Verb B2 Rare To blend into a unified whole.  To incorporate or merge into a larger unit.  To unite or connect with something else.  The action … Integrated Development Environment 統合開発環境 Noun C1 Uncommon An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programme… interactive インタラクティブ Adjective B2 Rare A two-way flow of information between a computer and a computer-user; responding to a user's input. interface インターフェイス Noun B1 Uncommon A way for people or systems to interact with each other. A command line interface, or CLI, can be used to type textual commands th… intermittent 断続する Adjective B2 Rare Coming and going at intervals : not continuous;  occasionally appearing and disappearing. intern インターン Noun B1 Uncommon An advanced student or graduate usually in a professional field (such as medicine or law) gaining supervised practical experience. internationalization 国際化 Noun C1 Rare The process of becoming more involved with or open to other countries. Internet インターネット Noun A1 Common A large, interconnected worldwide network that is publicly accessible, usually using an Internet Service Provider.   Internet Service Provider インターネットサービスプロバイダ Noun C1 Uncommon Commonly known as ISP.  A company that provides a service to connect a local network or computer to the public Internet.   interrogator 質問者 Noun C1 Rare A person that issues questions; a questioner.  Often used in the context of law courts. intertwined 絡み合った Adjective B2 Rare Things that are connected so as to be difficult to separate. Used figuratively to mean two or more entities have become closely in… intimidating 威圧的な Adjective, Verb B2 Uncommon 1. adjective : causing a loss of courage or self-confidence : producing feelings of fear or timidity2. verb : to make timid or fea… intractable 解き難い Adjective C1 Rare Difficult to handle or control. Not easily governed, managed, or directed.  Can refer to a problem that is very difficult to solve… intricate 複雑な Adjective B2 Uncommon very detailed and complicated; difficult to understand or analyze. introverted 内向的 Adjective B2 Rare Possessing a reserved or shy nature typically with an inclination to solitude.　Reserved, reticent, shy, withdrawn. inviolable 不可侵の Adjective C1 Rare Someone or something that is incapable of being violated or dishonored.  Incorruptible. invoice 請求書 Noun B1 Uncommon An itemized list of goods shipped or services rendered, usually specifying the price and the terms of sale.  A bill of sale. involve 関与する Verb B1 Uncommon To engage as a participant in some activity.  Becoming involved in something is to be part of something. Ironically 皮肉にも Adverb B1 Uncommon In a way that is contrary to what is expected, often in a surprising or amusing manner. isolationist 孤立主義者 Noun C1 Rare A policy of national isolation by abstention from alliances and other international political and economic relations. iteration 現在の国会議事堂 Noun C1 Rare A particular version or form of something that is repeated or developed over time. iterative 反復的な、繰り返しの Adjective C1 Rare Done in repeated steps, with each step building on the previous one. itinerary 旅程 Noun B1 Uncommon a planned route or journey. jack-o-lantern ジャック・オー・ランタン Noun, Phrase B1 Uncommon A carved pumpkin with a face, usually lit from inside and used as a Halloween decoration. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency 日本宇宙航空研究開発機構 Noun C1 Rare The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) performs various activities related to aerospace as an organization, from basic rese… Japan Tourism Agency 観光庁 Noun C1 Uncommon The Japan Tourism Agency was inaugurated on October 1, 2008. The Japanese government is currently working to enhance tourism-relat… jaunt 遠足 Noun B2 Rare A usually short journey or excursion undertaken especially for pleasure.  A short pleasure trip. JAXA JAXA Abbreviation, Acronym C1 Rare Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency jerk 嫌な奴 Slang B1 Common An annoyingly stupid or foolish person.  An unlikable person who is cruel, rude, or small-minded. jet lagged 時差ぼけ Adjective B1 Uncommon A condition caused by traveling across time zones, resulting in fatigue and disorientation. journey 旅 Noun, Verb A1 Common the act of traveling from one place to another judge 判事 Noun B1 Common A public official authorized to decide questions brought before a court. junior 下流 Adjective A2 Common Lower in rank, status, or position compared to another person or group. juror 陪審員 Noun C1 Uncommon A member of a jury.  A person summoned to serve on a jury. jury box 陪審員席 Noun C1 Common Place in a courtroom where the jury sits.  Traditionally, a slightly elevated area with gated entrance.   keenly 熱心に鋭く Adverb C1 Rare Intellectually alert.  Intensely.  Shrewdly astute, extremely sensitive in perception. keep 天守閣 Noun C1 Common the main strong tower in a castle; most often used as a phrase castle keep kickoff キックオフ Noun B1 Rare In American football, the game begins with a kickoff, which involves the kicking team kicking the ball to the receiving team. Befo… kiosk 売店、簡易販売所 Noun B2 Rare a small stand or booth where goods or tickets are sold kiosks キオスク Noun A2 Rare small open-fronted shops or stalls, often selling food and drinks. knack こつ Noun B2 Uncommon An acquired or natural skill at performing a task. kneecap 膝蓋骨 Noun A2 Rare A thick flat triangular movable bone that forms the anterior point of the knee and protects the front of the joint : patella. lab 臨床検査室 Noun A2 Common Lab is shorthand for laboratory.  It is the department of a hospital at which tests on blood, urine, and other substances are cond… Labrador retriever ラブラドール・レトリバー Noun B1 Rare A breed of medium-sized strongly built retrievers largely developed in England from stock originating in Newfoundland.  They have … landfill 埋立地 Noun C1 Rare Land created by filling an area with soil, sand, or waste, often used to build new ground where there was once water. landmark ランドマーク Noun A2 Uncommon A notable or historically significant feature of a landscape. laptop ラップトップ Noun A2 Uncommon A portable personal computer having its main components (such as processor, keyboard, and display screen) integrated into a single… large intestine 大腸 Noun A2 Uncommon The large intestine, also known as the large bowel, is the last part of the gastrointestinal tract and of the digestive system. Wa… Latin American ラテンアメリカ人 Adjective A2 Uncommon People whose ancestry are from the American countries south of the U.S., where people speak Spanish and Portuguese. lazy のんびりとした Adjective A1 Uncommon relaxed and not active; wanting to rest and do very little left anterior descending artery 左前下行枝 Noun, Phrase C2 Rare The left anterior descending artery (also LAD, anterior interventricular branch of left coronary artery, or anterior descending br… legacy 遺産 Noun B2 Uncommon Something handed down by a predecessor, often in terms of cultural or political impact.  Normally refers to an individual's accomp… legendary 伝説的 Adjective B2 Uncommon so famous or admired that it is like a legend legislation 立法 Noun B2 Uncommon A proposed law or bill submitted to a government legislature (such as a congress or senate) by groups of individuals that are are … letting people go 解雇する Idiom B2 Common To fire people.  Dismiss people from work permanently.  Laying people off. life insurance 生命保険 Noun B1 Common Insurance providing for payment of a stipulated sum to a designated beneficiary upon death of the insured. lift 解く Verb B2 Common To remove something, such as burden or regulation.   ligament 靱帯 Noun B2 Rare A ligament is the fibrous connective tissue that connects bones to other bones. lighthouse 灯台 Noun A2 Uncommon A tower with a light that is located at a coast or on an island to guide ships. linebacker ラインバッカー Noun B2 Rare In American football, on the defense, a linebacker is positioned behind the linemen, and in front of the defensive backs. On typic… Local Area Network ローカルエリアネットワーク Noun B2 Common Commonly referred to as a LAN.  A network of personal computers in a small area (such as an office) for sharing resources (such as… lockstep 歩調をそろえて Noun C1 Rare A situation in which people or things move, act, or develop in exact agreement or very closely together. logistics ロジスティクス Noun B2 Uncommon The planning, implementation, and coordination of the details of a business or other operation.   Used informally, logistics can r… longevity 長寿 Noun B2 Rare a long life or the length of time something continues to exist or be effective loophole 抜け穴 Noun B2 Uncommon An ambiguity or omission in a statute, contract, or obligation that may provide the means for it to be evaded or ignored. lost 失われた Adjective B2 Common To lose someone, by death, due to disease or disaster.   loyalty 忠誠 Noun B1 Uncommon A quality that describes a person's submission and trust of a person that endures over time and adverse circumstances. lucrative 利益のある Adjective B2 Uncommon producing a great deal of profit. lung 肺 Noun A2 Uncommon The lungs are a pair of breathing organs located with the chest which remove carbon dioxide from and bring oxygen to the blood. lung congestion 肺鬱血 Noun C1 Rare The accumulation of mucus in the lungs and lower breathing tubes (bronchi). It is usually accompanied by a wet, productive cough t… lungs 肺 Noun A2 Uncommon The lungs are a pair of breathing organs located with the chest which remove carbon dioxide from and bring oxygen to the blood. (M… lyrics 歌詞 Noun A2 Uncommon The words of a song、almost always used in plural. macular degeneration 黄斑変性症 Noun, Phrase C1 Rare Macular degeneration, also known as age-related macular degeneration (AMD or ARMD), is a medical condition which may result in blu… magnet 磁石 Noun A2 Uncommon an object that produces a magnetic field.  Colloquially, can be used to infer that something attracks something else, such as a re… magnificent 壮大な、素晴らしい Adjective B1 Uncommon Strikingly beautiful or impressive.  Grand, splendid, glorious.   mainstay 主力 Noun B2 Rare A person or thing on which something else depends. mainstream media 主流メディア, マスゴミ Idiom, Phrase C1 Uncommon Refers to the largest and most popular television, radio, and Internet social networks, such as CBS and NHK. Often abbreviated as … majestic 雄大な Adjective B2 Uncommon Describes something that causes you to feel great admiration and respect for it because of its size, power, or beauty. Impressive … major 専攻する Verb B2 Common In college, focus or concentration of study on a particular area of knowledge.  To major in a subject area is to focus on that sub… makeshift 間に合わせの Adjective B2 Rare Serving as a temporary substitute; sufficient for the time being. malaria マラリア Noun B1 Uncommon A serious and sometimes life-threatening disease that is more common in countries with tropical climates.  It is transmitted by th… malicious 悪意のある Adjective B2 Uncommon Having or showing a desire to cause harm to someone : arising from malice. management 管理 Noun B1 Uncommon The conducting or supervising of something (such as a business), judicious use of means to accomplish an end, the collective body … management style 管理スタイル Noun B2 Uncommon A particular way managers make decisions, how they plan and organize work, and how they exercise authority. Management styles vary… manager マネージャー Noun A2 Common A person responsible for controlling or administering all or part of a company. mandate 命令 Noun C1 Uncommon An authoritative command or guideline that is issued by a government or other organization. manipulate 操作する Verb B2 Uncommon To control or handle something skillfully; sometimes to influence someone unfairly or dishonestly. marble 大理石 Noun B1 Uncommon A type of metamorphic rock that is often used in sculptures and buildings. market 市場 Noun A1 Common a place where people buy and sell goods, especially food or local products marquis 侯爵 Noun C1 Uncommon a nobleman of high rank, below a duke and above an earl or count martial law 戒厳令 Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon The law administered by military forces that is invoked by a government in an emergency when the civilian law enforcement agencies… mass wedding 合同結婚式 Noun, Phrase B2 Common Several couples getting married in the same ceremony. Mass weddings are common in the Unification Church, as well as in some other… math 数学 Noun A1 Uncommon A shortened version of the word "mathematics".  The science of numbers and their operations, interrelations, combinations, general… mausoleum 陵墓 Noun C1 Uncommon a large tomb or burial building Me Too 私も（ミーツー） Idiom C1 Common A movement calling attention to the frequency with which primarily women and girls experience sexual assault and harassment.The Me… medieval 中世の Adjective, Noun B1 Uncommon relating to the Middle Ages, the period in European history between ancient and modern times melody メロディー Noun A2 Uncommon A rhythmic succession of single tones organized as an aesthetic whole that comprise a musical composition, or song. memorabilia 記念品 Noun C1 Rare objects kept because they remind people of a person, event, or place memory メモリ Noun A2 Common The component within your computer that allows for short-term data access. You may recognize this component as DRAM, or dynamic ra… meniscus 半月板 Noun C1 Rare The meniscus is a piece of cartilage that provides a cushion between your femur (thighbone) and tibia (shinbone). There are two me… menopause 月経閉止、閉経期、更年期 Noun B1 Uncommon Menopause is the time that marks the end of your menstrual cycles. It's diagnosed after you've gone 12 months without a menstrual … mentor 指導者 Noun B2 Uncommon An experienced person who advises and helps somebody with less experience over a period of time. mess 混乱 Noun A2 Common A disordered, untidy, offensive, or unpleasant state or condition. micromanage 細かく管理する Verb B2 Rare To manage employees or a project team with excessive control or attention to details.  Typically this management style is consider… Microsoft Teams Microsoft Teams Noun B1 Rare Microsoft Teams is a persistent chat-based collaboration platform complete with document sharing, online meetings, and many more e… midstream 途中で Adverb B2 Rare An intermediate stage in an act or process. milestone 節目 Noun B1 Rare an important event or stage in life or progress military 軍事の Adjective, Noun A2 Common Related to soldiers, the armed forces, or war. militia 民兵 Noun B2 Uncommon Generally, a group of individuals that are part of an organized government sponsored force of soldiers that are only active in cer… mill around うろつく Idiom B2 Uncommon An idiom that describes a group of people moving around in a casual, aimless, or confused manner. It's often used to describe peop… millennia 何千年 Noun B2 Uncommon A millennium is a time period that spans one thousand years or the one-thousand-year anniversary of something. The plural of mille… milling 混雑する Verb B1 Rare moving around in a confused mass; crowding. mimick まねする Verb A2 Rare Copy someone's behavior, speech, or actions; an imitation. mind boggling 驚くべき Adjective B2 Common astounding, hard to fathom. mindset 心構え Noun B2 Rare a particular way of thinking or viewing things. Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare 厚生労働省 Proper Noun B2 Uncommon Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare in Japan miracle 奇蹟 Noun A2 Common An extremely positive occurrence that was not expected.  Supernatural.  miserable 惨めな Adjective A2 Common A pitiable state of distress or unhappiness.  Wretchedly inadequate or meager, causing extreme discomfort or unhappiness. mission 使命 Noun B1 Common A specific task or goal. Often used in a military context. misunderstanding 誤解、行き違い Noun A2 Uncommon A failure to understand something correctly; a mistaken belief about what someone meant. mitigate 軽減する Verb B2 Rare to make something less severe, harmful, or painful moat 堀 Noun B1 Uncommon a deep and wide trench around the rampart of a fortified place (such as a castle) that is usually filled with water; a channel tha… modernism モダニズム Noun C1 Rare a cultural movement that emerged in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, characterized by a break with traditional styles momento 記念品 Noun B2 Rare small item or token kept as reminders of a person, place, or event. monastery 修行寺院 Noun B2 Uncommon a building or complex where monks live and practice religion monitor モニター Noun A2 Uncommon An electronic screen that is used to display digital content, such as a TV monitor or a computer monitor. moral 道徳の Adjective B1 Uncommon Concerned with the principles of right and wrong behavior and the goodness or badness of human character. Ethical. motherboard マザーボード Noun B2 Rare A circuit board that connects all of your hardware to your processor, distributes electricity from your power supply, and defines … motif モチーフ Noun B2 Rare a decorative design or pattern. mountainous 山岳の Adjective A2 Rare having many mountains; located in or full of mountains Mr. Right 理想の人 Idiom B2 Common A man who would make the perfect husband. MRI 磁気共鳴映像 Noun B2 Uncommon Magnetic resonance imaging. A knee MRI lets your doctor see your bones, meniscus, tendons, ligaments, muscles, and even some blood… muffed 失敗した Verb C1 Uncommon to fumble or mishandle something, especially in sports context multifaceted 多面的な Adjective C1 Rare Having many aspects or phases. muted 静かな Adjective B2 Rare Toned down : low-key, subdued, not bright. myriad 無数 Noun B1 Rare A large number of something.  Countless. myth 神話／作り話 Noun B1 Uncommon A traditional story, especially one involving gods or heroes; also, a widely believed idea that is not true. nail-biter 爪を噛む癖 Adjective B2 Rare Describes a situation where the game or contest is very close, and the suspense is such that one might "bite their nails" in nervo… narcissism 自己愛 Noun C1 Rare Excessive self-interest or admiration of oneself; a personality trait focused on self-importance. narcotics 麻薬 Noun C1 Uncommon A drug (such as opium or morphine) that dulls the senses, relieves pain, and induces sleep.  Narcotics are typically addictive. narration ナレーション Noun B1 Rare spoken commentary or storytelling, especially in a video, film, or guided tour naturalist 自然主義者 Noun B2 Rare a person who studies or has knowledge of nature. navigate 進む、航行する、操作する Verb B1 Uncommon Finding a way through something, moving through a place or system, or managing a difficult situation. neoclassical 新古典主義の Adjective C1 Rare Relating to a revival or adaptation of the classical form, especially in literature, music, art, or architecture. nerd オタク Slang B2 Uncommon An unstylish, unattractive, or socially inept person; especially one slavishly devoted to intellectual or academic pursuits. nestle 点在する Verb C1 Rare to be placed or situated in a quiet, protected, or attractive place network ネットワーク Noun B1 Common A computer network is a group of computers linked to each other that enables the computer to communicate with another computer and… network backbone ネットワークバックボーン Noun C1 Uncommon A network backbone links otherwise discrete networks together.  network interface card ネットワークインターフェースカード Noun B2 Uncommon Commonly known as a NIC.  A circuit board installed in a computer that provides a dedicated network connection to the computer.  network topology ネットワークトポロジー Noun C1 Common Network topology is the way a network is arranged, including the physical or logical description of how links and nodes are set up… nicotine ニコチン Noun B2 Uncommon A toxic, colorless or yellowish oily liquid that is the chief active constituent of tobacco. It acts as a stimulant in small doses… nightmare 悪夢 Noun A2 Common Something, such as an experience, situation, or object, that produces a feeling of fear, anxiety, depression or terror. no-brainer 考えるまでもないこと Noun B2 Common something very easy to decide or understand; an obvious choice nomination 指名 Noun B1 Uncommon Nomination is part of the process of selecting a candidate for either election to a public office, or the bestowing of an honor or… non-regular employee 非正規雇用労働者 Noun B2 Uncommon In Japan, the term Regular Employee is generally considered as an employee who is hired directly by his/her employer without a pre… nonetheless それにもかかわらず Adverb B2 Uncommon In spite of what has just been said : nevertheless.  However. nostalgia 懐かしさ Noun B2 Uncommon Nostalgia is sentimentality for the past, typically for a particular period or place with positive associations, but sometimes als… not my first rodeo 初めてじゃないこと Idiom B2 Uncommon This is not the first time the speaker has done something.　 Often said to stress that the speaker has the experience in the topic … notable 注目すべき Adjective B1 Rare important, interesting, or deserving attention notion イメージ Noun B1 Uncommon an idea or general understanding of something Obamacare オバマケア Noun C1 Rare The Affordable Care Act, formally known as the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, and commonly known as Obamacare, is a U… oblige 引き受ける Verb B2 Uncommon to do something for someone as a favor or because they ask you to observation deck 展望台 Noun, Phrase B1 Uncommon a platform where people can look out at the view observatory 展望台 Noun B2 Uncommon a place or structure built to provide a wide view of the area around it obstructive chronic bronchitis 閉塞性慢性気管支炎 Noun, Phrase C2 Rare Bronchitis is inflammation of the breathing tubes (bronchi). There are several types of bronchitis, but the most common are acute … obviate 取り除く Verb C1 Rare To eliminate the need for something or to prevent something from happening. obvious 明らか Adjective, Idiom A2 Common Easily discovered, seen, or understood.  Something that is easy to understand or recognize.  To tell people things they already kn… odds オッズ Noun B2 Uncommon The likelihood or probability of something happening. office pool オフィスでの賭けゲーム Noun C1 Common An office pool is a contest to select the winners of the games played in a particular timeframe, usually weekly.  Normally the par… oligarch 裕福なビジネスリーダー Noun C1 Rare A very rich business leader with a great deal of political influence, particularly in Russia.  online オンラインの Adjective A2 Common Refers to an individual that is using a computer that is connected to the Internet.   only child 一人っ子 Idiom, Noun A1 Common A person who never had a brother or sister. opera オペラ Noun A2 Uncommon a work of theater in which the story is told mainly through singing operating system オペレーティング・システム Noun B1 Uncommon Commonly known as OS.  Software upon which applications and programs run.  It is the ultimate controller for all access to compute… ophthalmologist 眼科医 Noun C1 Rare A specialist in the branch of medicine concerned with the study and treatment of disorders and diseases of the eye. opinion 意見 Noun A1 Common a personal belief or judgment about something opposition party 野党 Noun B2 Uncommon In politics, the opposition comprises one or more political parties that are ideologically opposed to another political part, whic… orchard 果樹園 Noun B1 Uncommon a piece of land where fruit trees or other trees are grown organization 団体 Noun A2 Uncommon An organization is a group of people who work together, like a neighborhood association, a charity, a union, or a corporation. orientation オリエンテーション Noun C1 Uncommon A process that brings an individual into alignment with an organization's values, ideals, business processes, operations, or other… ornate 華麗な Adjective B2 Rare having a lot of complicated decoration; very detailed and fancy orzo オルゾー Noun C2 Rare Rice-shaped pasta.  Orzo, which means "barley" in Italian, is used most traditionally in soups, but this very versatile, rice-shap… out of the blue 突然に Idiom B1 Common A complete surprise : something totally unexpected. outdoor 野外 Adjective A2 Uncommon Located or done outside, in the open air, not inside a building. outgoing 社交的な Adjective B1 Uncommon Friendly and socially confident outlined 概要を示した Verb B1 Rare described the main ideas or points of something without giving full details outsized 計り知れない Adjective C1 Rare much larger or more important than expected outskirts 郊外 Noun B1 Uncommon The outer area of a city or town, away from the center. outskirts 郊外 Noun B1 Uncommon The outer areas of a town or city, far from the center. outsourcing agreement 業務委託契約 Noun C1 Rare Outsourcing is a business practice in which a company hires a third-party to perform tasks, handle operations or provide services … ovation 拍手喝采 Noun B2 Rare The people at a play, speech, sporting event, etc., stand up and applaud to show enthusiastic approval or appreciation. overcooked 焼き過ぎた Adjective A2 Uncommon Food that was cooked too much or for too long. overloaded 過負荷の (かふかの) Adjective B1 Uncommon having an excessive load or burden; something may be overloaded beyond its capacity, such as a boat with too many passengers. overtake 追い越す Verb A2 Uncommon to pass by going faster than someone or something overwhelmed 圧倒された Verb B2 Uncommon feeling unable to cope because of too much emotion, work, or pressure padlock 南京錠 Noun A2 Rare A detachable lock with a hinged U-shaped hook that goes around the items being locked. palate 口蓋 Noun B2 Uncommon The roof of the mouth, separating the cavities of the nose and the mouth. palpable 明白な Adjective C1 Rare A feeling so strong and intense as to seem almost tangible. panoramic 全景の Adjective B2 Rare relating to an unobstructed and wide view. paperwork 事務処理 Noun A2 Uncommon Routine clerical or record-keeping work often incidental to a more important task. parallel 平行 Noun B1 Uncommon Something that is similar or analogous to another thing.  Similar to something else, but exists or happens in a different place or… Parkinson's disease パーキンソン病 Noun B2 Common A chronic progressive neurological disease chiefly of later life.  Symptoms include tremor of resting muscles, rigidity, slowness … parliamentary democracy 議会制民主主義 Noun C1 Rare A form of representative democracy in which political power is vested in an elected legislature, but the executive and legislative… parole 仮釈放 Noun B2 Uncommon The release of a prisoner temporarily (for a special purpose) or permanently before the completion of a sentence, on the promise o… partnership パートナーシップ Noun B1 Uncommon An informal relationship between two or more persons, groups, or organizations.  Implies that there is close coordination between … passed ball パスボール Noun C1 Common a mistake by the catcher in which a pitch is not caught, allowing a base runner to advance patience 忍耐、辛抱、我慢 Noun A2 Uncommon the ability to stay calm and wait or endure difficulties without frustration patio パティオ Noun A2 Uncommon An outdoor courtyard often used for dining or lounging.  Private homes can have patios, as well as restaurants and other public es… paved 舗装された Adjective, Verb B1 Uncommon covered with a firm surface, typically of asphalt or other materials, to make it easier to travel on. pavilion 亭 Noun B2 Uncommon A light building or structure, often open on the sides, used for relaxation or shelter in a garden or park. payroll 給与 Noun B2 Uncommon A employer's list of those entitled to pay and of the amounts due to each individual.   peak 見頃 Adjective, Noun B1 Uncommon the best or most active time for something pedestrian 歩行者 Adjective, Noun A2 Uncommon a person who is walking, especially in a city or town peer 仲間 Noun B1 Uncommon One that is of equal standing with another : equal. One belonging to the same societal group especially based on age, grade, posit… penalty ペナルティ Noun B1 Uncommon In American football, when a team breaks one of the rules of the game, a penalty is assessed by the referee. The penalty is in yar… peninsula 半島 Noun A2 Uncommon a piece of land almost surrounded by water pent up 抑圧された Adjective B2 Rare Restricted or held back, usually resulting in strong emotions or actions when released. perched 止まった (とまった) Verb B1 Rare to be situated in a high or elevated position performance 公演、演技 Noun B1 Common A show or exhibition done by normally talented individuals.  Can refer to a theatre play, live musical performance, or other gener… perimeter 周囲 Noun B1 Uncommon The outside line forming the boundary of a two-dimensional area.  The perimeter of an area of land is the whole of its outer edge … permafrost 永久凍土 Noun C1 Rare ground that remains frozen for a very long time, often for years or permanently permanent 本館 Adjective A2 Uncommon Intended to last or remain unchanged indefinitely; not temporary. permanently 永久に Adverb A2 Uncommon For all time; without any plan or possibility to change or reopen. permeate 浸透する Verb C1 Rare To diffuse through or penetrate something; to spread or soak. perpetrator 加害者 Noun C1 Uncommon Somebody that commits a crime.   perplexing 困惑 Adjective B2 Rare Difficult to understand.  Something that causes confusion. Counterintuitive. personal computer パソコン Noun A2 Common A small-scale computer that is typically owned and used by only one person.  A "PC" takes two basic forms - desktop and laptop.  T… perspective 視点 (してん) Noun B1 Uncommon a particular attitude toward or way of regarding something; a point of view persuade 説得する Verb B1 Uncommon To convince someone to do or believe something by giving reasons or talking to them. peruse 調べる Verb C1 Rare to look at or examine something carefully and in detail Peter Principle ピーターの法則 Noun, Phrase, Proper Noun C1 Uncommon The Peter Principle is a concept in management developed by Laurence J. Peter, which observes that people in a hierarchy tend to r… petition 嘆願する Verb B2 Uncommon To make a formal request to somebody in authority. pharmacist 薬剤師 Noun A2 Uncommon A health-care professional licensed to engage in pharmacy with duties including dispensing prescription drugs, monitoring drug int… philanthropist 慈善家 Noun C1 Rare a person who gives money or help to support good causes philosophy 哲学 Noun B2 Uncommon Broadly speaking, an overall vision of  attitude toward life and the purpose of life.　The study of the fundamental nature of knowl… physical education 体育 Noun A2 Common Instruction in the development and care of the body ranging from simple calisthenic exercises to a course of study providing train… picturesque 絵のように美しい Adjective B2 Rare visually attractive, like a picture; charmingly scenic pilgrimage 巡礼 Noun B2 Uncommon a journey to a holy place for religious reasons pinpoint 正確に特定する Verb B2 Uncommon To locate or identify something exactly. placard プラカード Noun B1 Rare A poster, small card or plaque publicly displayed or carried (such as in a protest march or election campaign rally). plaintiff 原告 Noun C1 Uncommon A person who brings a legal action or complaint to the court. plateau 高原 Noun B1 Uncommon a flat area of high land plausible もっともらしい Adjective B1 Uncommon Reasonable, believable.  Seemingly worthy of approval or acceptance; credible. play call プレイコール Noun C1 Common In the context of an American football game, a coach or the quarterback decides, or calls, each play.  There are on average about … playoffs プレーオフ Noun B2 Uncommon postseason games in sports used to determine the champion or final winner plead 申し立てる Verb B2 Uncommon To put forward an answer on the part of a defendant to a legal declaration or charge.  Typical pleas include guilty, not guilty, a… plenary session 全体会議 Noun C1 Uncommon A plenary session or plenum is a session of a conference which all members of all parties are to attend. Such a session may includ… plethora 数多く Noun C1 Rare a very large amount or number of something pneumonia 肺炎 Noun B2 Uncommon An acute disease marked by inflammation of lung tissue, pneumonia is characterized by fever, chills, cough, difficulty in breathin… policy 政策 Noun B1 Common A definite course or method of action selected from among alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine pre… Political Science 政治学 Noun C1 Common A social science concerned chiefly with the description and analysis of political and especially governmental institutions and pro… politician 政治家たち Noun A2 Uncommon Someone who is professionally involved in politics, especially as an elected official. politics 政治 Noun A2 Common Activities concerned with winning and holding control over a government, generally through elections.  These activities often invo… pollen 花粉 Noun A2 Uncommon Pollen, a mass of microspores in a seed plant appearing usually as a fine dust. Each pollen grain is a minute body, of varying sha… polyp ポリープ Noun B2 Rare An abnormal tissue growth that most often look like small, flat bumps or tiny mushroom-like stalks. Most polyps are small and less… pomegranate ザクロ Noun A2 Rare A round fruit with a red, leathery rind and many seeds covered with red, juicy, edible flesh. position 職 Noun B1 Common A job at a company.  Normally the word position is used to refer to white-collar jobs, such as at a bank, accounting firm, or law … positive 肯定的な Adjective B1 Common Affirmative, true.  A positive test result. possibility 可能性 Noun A2 Common A feasible option.  Something that is possible. post 掲示する Verb B2 Common The act of entering some information into a computer system.  Normally used in the context of employee work hours, as in "posting … posthumously 死後 Adverb C1 Rare after the death of the person in question postpone 延期する Verb B1 Uncommon To put off to a later time : defer, reschedule. practically 事実上 Adverb B1 Uncommon almost; in effect, though not completely practice 業務 Noun B2 Common The business of a practicing physician or group of physicians, including facilities and patients. praise 称賛、褒める Noun, Verb A2 Uncommon To express approval or admiration for someone or something; positive comments. precedent 先例 Noun B2 Uncommon An earlier occurrence of something done or said that may serve as an example or rule to authorize or justify a subsequent act of t… precipice 崖 Noun C1 Rare a very steep cliff or rock face. preclude 妨げる Verb C1 Rare To prevent something or make it impossible, or prevent someone from doing something. predates 〜より前にある、〜に先行する Verb B2 Rare exists or happened before a particular time or event prediction 予測 Noun B1 Uncommon Forecast, guess on a future state or event.  Prediction may be based on empirical data or a hunch. preexisting condition 既往歴、持病 Noun, Phrase C1 Common A medical illness or injury that you have before you start a new health care plan may be considered a “pre-existing condition.”  O… prefecture 県 Noun B2 Uncommon an administrative region in Japan, similar to a province or state preparation 準備 Noun A2 Uncommon The action of making something ready for use or service, or of getting ready for some occasion. prescription 処方箋 Noun B1 Uncommon An official written order from a doctor for medicine or treatment. preserve 保存対象 Verb B1 Uncommon to keep something safe and unchanged press charges 告訴する Idiom B2 Common To take legal action against someone : to officially accuse someone of a crime. prestigious 名声のある Adjective B2 Uncommon Something that is very much respected and has high status or rating, such as a university or similar organization.   presumably おそらく Adverb B2 Uncommon Used to convey that what is assumed is likely to be the case. pretty かなり Adverb B1 Common To some degree : moderately, quite a bit,not completely but mostly. prevail 勝つ、優勢である Verb B2 Uncommon To prove more powerful than opposing forces; to succeed or win. pride 誇り Noun A2 Common Self-esteem, self-respect, happy in one's own accomplishment. prime minister 首相 Noun A2 Common The chief executive of a parliamentary government. prime rib プライムリブ Noun C1 Uncommon Prime rib is a classic roast beef preparation made from the beef rib primal cut, usually roasted with the bone in and served with … primitive 原始的な Adjective B1 Uncommon Very simple and not developed; basic and often lacking modern features. private railway 私鉄 Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon A railway that is owned and operated by a private company. proceed 進む、続ける Verb B1 Uncommon to continue or go forward process プロセス Noun B2 Common A program or task that is running on a computer. prodigy 天才 Noun B2 Uncommon A person, especially a young one, with exceptional qualities or abilities. product management 製品管理 Noun C1 Uncommon An organizational department within a company dealing with new product development, business justification, planning, verification… prolonged 延長された Adjective B2 Uncommon Continuing for a notably long time : extended in duration. prominence 隆盛 Noun B2 Rare the state of being important, well known, or easily noticed prominent 著名な Adjective B2 Uncommon Widely and popularly known. Eminent. promote 昇進する Verb B2 Uncommon To advance in rank, position, or other state from a lower level to a higher level.   propaganda プロパガンダ Noun B2 Uncommon information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote or publicize a particular political cause or point of vi… proposal 提案 Noun B1 Uncommon A plan or suggestion put forward for consideration. proprietor 所有者 Noun B2 Uncommon owner, especially of a business or property prosecution 起訴 Noun C1 Uncommon The side of a legal case which argues that a person who is accused of a crime is guilty.   prosecutor 検察官 Noun C1 Uncommon The individual appointed by the court to lead the case against the defendant. Normally appointed by the district attorney. prospect 見込み Noun B2 Uncommon In the context of this lesson, 'prospects' are referring to 'prospective employees' (which may be the better translation). prostate 前立腺 Noun C1 Uncommon The prostate is a walnut-sized gland located between the bladder and the penis. The prostate is just in front of the rectum. The u… prostatitis 前立腺炎 Noun C1 Rare An inflammation of the prostate gland.  Acute prostatitis is usually caused by the same bacteria that cause urinary tract infectio… provincial 地方の Adjective B1 Uncommon Of, relating to, or coming from a province of a country. Countries are typically subdivided into provinces (like Canada) or states… provisional 仮議事堂 Adjective B2 Uncommon temporary and used until something more permanent is in place prowl うろつき Verb B1 Uncommon To roam, or move about or wander stealthily in or as if in search of prey. Figuratively can be used to mean to roam, or search. proximity 近接、接近 Noun B2 Uncommon the state of being near something in distance or time PSA test PSAテスト Abbreviation, Noun, Phrase C1 Common The PSA test is a blood test used primarily to screen for prostate cancer.  The test measures the amount of prostate-specific anti… psyche 心、精神 Noun C1 Uncommon The human soul, mind, or mental life. PTO 有給休暇 Noun C1 Rare Paid Time Off.  The time allocated to each employee for vacation. public relations 広報 Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon The maintenance of a good, favorable relationship between an organization and the general public.  Public relations specialists bu… pull 降ろす Verb B2 Common In baseball context, to be removed from the game.  Normally referring to a pitcher. pulse 脈拍 Noun A2 Uncommon Your heart rate, or pulse, is the number of times your heart beats per minute. Normal heart rate varies from person to person. (he… pundit 評論家 Noun C1 Rare Experts or commentators, especially in a particular field. punt パント Noun, Verb B1 Rare In American football, a type of football kick, normally done on fourth down. When the offense in unable to get a first down in its… purport 主張する Verb C1 Rare claims or states something, often without proving it quad 4回転ジャンプ Noun C1 Uncommon A figure skating jump that has four revolutions. quaint 趣のある Adjective B2 Uncommon attractively old-fashioned or charming in an unusual way quarantine 隔離 Noun B2 Uncommon A strict isolation imposed on an individual to prevent the spread of disease.  To refrain from any contact with other individuals … quarterback クォーターバック Noun B2 Uncommon In American football, the offensive player in the backfield that is "hiked" the ball on every play. There are four players that ar… queasy 吐き気のある、不安な Adjective B1 Rare Suffering from nausea. A nauseated feeling, often in the stomach. quirky 風変わりな Adjective B2 Uncommon Having peculiar or unexpected traits R&D 研究開発 Idiom B2 Rare A common acronym for Research and Development.  Most large companies have an R&D department or group. racist 人種差別的な Adjective B1 Uncommon A belief that race is a fundamental determinant of human traits and capacities and that racial differences produce an inherent sup… Radiology 放射線学, 放射線科 Noun C1 Uncommon Radiology is a branch of medicine that uses imaging technology to diagnose and treat disease. Radiology may be divided into two di… raid （警察の）強制捜査 Noun B1 Uncommon A hostile or predatory incursion, a surprise attack by a small force, a brief foray outside one's usual sphere.　For example, polic… random access memory ランダム・アクセス・メモリ Noun B2 Uncommon Commonly referred to as RAM.  A high-speed component that temporarily stores all the information a device needs both right now and… rapper ラッパー Noun B1 Uncommon Rapping is a musical form of vocal delivery that incorporates "rhyme, rhythmic speech, and street vernacular" which is performed o… rapport 信頼関係 Noun B2 Rare A relationship characterized by agreement, mutual understanding, or empathy that makes communication possible or easy. ravage 破壊する Verb C1 Rare To damage in a violent way.  Destroy, cause severe destruction, ruin, devastate. re-org 再編成 Noun C1 Rare Short notation for re-organization.  A shift of company resources from one group to another.  Modifying the company organization h… real estate 不動産 Noun, Phrase B1 Common Property in buildings and land.   realistic 現実的な Adjective A2 Uncommon Practical and sensible; based on what is actually possible or true. reasonable 合理的な Adjective B1 Uncommon Fair and sensible; within the bounds of reason. reasonable doubt 合理的な疑い Idiom, Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon In a criminal case, tangible or circumstantial evidence found that puts into question any assertion of a suspect's guilt. Beyond a… reasonably 手ごろに、かなり、納得できる程度に Adverb B1 Uncommon to a fair or acceptable degree; not too expensively or extremely recalcitrant 扱いにくい Adjective C1 Rare Resisting authority or control; not obedient or compliant; stubborn, unwilling. recognize 認識する,承認する Verb A2 Common To identify someone or something.   recommendation 推奨 Noun B1 Uncommon Guidance or preference issued from an individual or organization in regards to a particular subject. reconstitute 再構成 Verb C1 Rare to create again or anew;  to restore to a former condition reconstruct 再建 Verb B2 Uncommon to build or make something again after it has been damaged or destroyed recording 収録 Noun B1 Uncommon An audio record made on magnetic tape, disk, or other suitable storage media. recreate 再現する Verb B2 Uncommon to make something exist or happen again in a new form rectum 直腸 Noun B2 Rare The rectum is a part of the lower gastrointestinal tract. The rectum is a continuation of the sigmoid colon, and connects to the a… recusal 忌避 Noun C1 Rare To disqualify (oneself) as judge in a particular case; broadly : to remove (oneself) from participation to avoid a conflict of int… refactor リファクタリングする、再構成する Verb C1 Rare Reorganize or rewrite code or structure to improve clarity, maintainability, or efficiency without significantly changing its main… reform 変革 Noun B1 Uncommon Refers to the change to what is defective, corrupt, or unjust.   refrain 控える Verb B1 Uncommon To curb, restrain, to keep oneself from doing, feeling, or indulging in something. refurbish 改装する Verb B2 Rare to clean and improve an old building, room, or piece of furniture regardless 〜にもかかわらず、関係なく Adverb B1 Uncommon despite something; without being affected by a particular condition regent 摂政 Noun C1 Uncommon a person who governs for a ruler who is too young or unable to rule registration 登録 Noun B1 Uncommon the act of officially recording something, such as property or personal information, on an official list regretfully 残念ながら Adverb B1 Rare In a manner expressing regret or sadness. regurgitated 吐き戻した／言い直さずにそのまま繰り返した Verb C1 Rare Repeated information without understanding it, or brought up food from the stomach back into the mouth. reject 拒否すること Verb B1 Uncommon refuse to accept, allow, or believe something rejection 拒絶 Noun B1 Uncommon Refusal to accept, consider, submit to, take for some purpose, or use.  Rebuff, repel. rekindle 再燃する Verb C1 Rare To reestablish an interest in something.  Revive, reawaken, revitalize. relationship 関係 Noun B1 Common Connection of two people in a romantic coupling.   relieved 安心した Verb A2 Uncommon Experiencing or showing relief especially from anxiety or pent-up emotions.  The feeling of calm and happiness you get when a worr… reminiscent 思い出させる Adjective B2 Rare relating to reminiscence, a memory.  Used in context of someone thinking about the past, often fondly. remiss 怠惰な Noun C1 Rare Negligent in doing something that one should do. remote 遠隔の Adjective B1 Uncommon A remote employee works from an offsite location, outside the office.  Normally they work at home.   remote リモート Noun A2 Uncommon A hand held device that controls (by wireless signal) the operation of a device from some distance.  Such as a television remote. Renaissance ルネサンス Adjective, Noun B1 Uncommon the period of renewed interest in art, literature, learning, and culture in Europe, roughly from the 14th to the 17th century render 与える Verb C1 Uncommon To generate a two-dimensional or three-dimensional image from a model by means of application programs. Rendering is mostly used i… rendering 描写、レンダリング、変換 Noun C1 Uncommon The act of producing, representing, or converting something into another form; in digital contexts, the process of creating an ima… renege 約束を破る Verb C1 Rare Fail to keep a promise, agreement, or commitment. renovate 改修する Verb B2 Rare to repair and improve a building renovation 改装（かいそう） Noun B1 Uncommon the act of improving or updating a building or structure renovation 改装工事 Noun B1 Uncommon The process of repairing and improving a building so it is in good condition or more modern. renowned 有名な Adjective B2 Uncommon Widely acclaimed and highly honored.  Celebrated.   repel 撃退する Verb B2 Uncommon To drive back : repulse; to fight against, resist, turn away, reject. replenish 補充する Verb B2 Rare To fill or build up again, or re-allocate something to a previous level.  report to に報告する Idiom, Verb B1 Common To "report to" means to work for a person who is typically your manager or boss. reproduction 複製 Noun B1 Uncommon a copy of something, especially a work of art, building, or object Republican Party 共和党 Noun B2 Uncommon One of the two main political parties in the US, which is generally regarded as more conservative than the Democratic Party. The f… reputation 評判 Noun B1 Common Overall quality or character as seen or judged by people in general.   resemble 〜に似ている Verb A2 Uncommon Looks like or is similar to something or someone. reservation 予約 Noun A2 Uncommon an arrangement to have something saved for you in advance residence 邸宅 Noun B2 Uncommon A large and often impressive house where someone lives. residency 研修期間 Noun C1 Uncommon A resident doctor is a medical school graduate and doctor in training who's taking part in a graduate medical education (GME) prog… resignation 退陣 Noun B1 Uncommon Refers to an individual's decision to leave, or quit, their position.  A position can be a company or government job, or elected o… resistant 耐性ある Adjective B1 Uncommon Something that is not harmed or affected by an external influence or effect. respective それぞれの Adjective B2 Uncommon Belonging or relating separately to each of two or more people or things.  How something relates to two or more people or things i… respiratory disease 呼吸器疾患 Noun C1 Uncommon Respiratory diseases include asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, and lung cancer.… respite 束の間の休息 Noun B2 Rare a short period of rest or relief from something difficult restaurant industry 飲食業 Noun B1 Uncommon restaurant industry among other industries restriction 制限 Noun B1 Rare A limitation or constraint.  An official rule that limits what you can do or that limits the amount or size of something. resume 履歴書 Noun B1 Uncommon A short account of one's career and qualifications : curriculum vitae, a set of accomplishments, education achieved, and dates and… retainer 家来（けらい） Noun C1 Uncommon In the Edo period of Japan, a retainer was a vassal who provided military service to a lord in exchange for rice and a stipend. Re… retinal tear 網膜裂孔 Noun, Phrase C2 Rare The retina is the thin layer of light-sensing nerve cells lining the inside back of your eye.  A retinal tear is a small break in … retreat 保養施設 Noun B2 Uncommon A quiet place where people go to rest and relax, often away from cities or work. Reuben ルーベン Noun C1 Uncommon The Reuben sandwich is an American grilled sandwich composed of corned beef, Swiss cheese, sauerkraut, and Russian dressing, grill… revitalize 活性化する Verb B2 Rare to make something active, healthy, or successful again revolution 回転 Noun B2 Common Completing a 360 degree jump in place.   The Earth completes one revolution in 24 hours.   revolving 企画 Verb B2 Rare Regularly changing or rotating, especially about exhibitions or displays that are replaced with new ones. rife 充満している Adjective B2 Rare Having a large amount of something bad or unpleasant. rivalry 競争 Noun B1 Uncommon A rivalry is the state of two people or groups engaging in a lasting competitive relationship. Rococo ロココ Adjective, Noun C1 Rare an elaborate and ornate style of art, decoration, and architecture that was popular in 18th-century Europe roll ロールパン Noun A2 Common a small piece of bread, often round or oval Roman Catholic ローマカトリック Adjective, Noun B1 Uncommon A person who is a member of the Roman Catholic Church.  The Catholic Church is based on Christianity, and is headquartered at the … romance ロマンス Noun B1 Uncommon Describes a close loving relationship between two individuals. Can also refer to the courtship of two individuals leading up to a … Romanesque ロマネスク Adjective, Noun C1 Rare relating to a medieval European style of architecture characterized by thick walls, round arches, and sturdy forms romantic ロマンチック Adjective A2 Common Characterized by the expression of love. ropeway ロープウェイ Noun B2 Rare a cable car system that carries people up and down a mountain roundly 手厳しく Adverb C1 Common In a complete or thorough manner : thoroughly, by nearly everyone : widely, bluntly. router ルーター Noun C1 Rare A network device that connects multiple switches, and their respective networks, to form an even larger network. These networks ma… royal family 王室 Noun A2 Common In a country in which a monarchy is present, such as in Japan, England, and Thailand, the royal family consists of the king, queen… ruckus 騒ぎ Noun B1 Uncommon a noisy disturbance or commotion rudimentary 初歩的な、基本的な、未発達の Adjective B2 Rare Very basic, simple, or not fully developed. rugby ラグビー Noun A2 Uncommon A team game played with an oval ball that may be kicked, carried, and passed from hand to hand. Points are scored by grounding the… rugged 険しい Adjective B1 Uncommon Ground or terrain having a broken, rocky, and uneven surface. rural 田舎の Adjective B1 Uncommon relating to the countryside rather than the city rustic 素朴な Adjective B2 Uncommon Relating to, or typical of country life or country people. Rural. sack 袋 Noun, Slang, Verb A1 Uncommon As a noun, sack is a bag in its most simpliest usage. Sack also means to pillage and burn a town, village, or castle. It is also s… saint 聖人 Noun A2 Common holy person recognized for their virtue or religious devotion; person regarded as extremely good or morally pure sales 売上高 Noun A2 Uncommon The act of selling. The transfer of ownership of property from one person to another for a price.  The group of people in a compan… saloon バー Noun B2 Uncommon A place for the sale and consumption of alcoholic drinks; a bar, pub. samples 試料 Noun B1 Uncommon A representative part or a larger whole or group : specimen. sanction 制裁 Noun B2 Rare A threatened penalty for disobeying a law or rule.  Typically sanctions are imposed by a government on another country's governmen… sandwich サンドイッチ Verb A2 Common To insert or enclose something between usually two other things.  sanguine 楽観的な Adjective C1 Rare Optimistic that everything's going to work out fine; hopeful. saturated 飽和した Adjective B2 Rare Something completely full so that no more can be added.  Market saturation arises when the sales of a product or service in a mark… scenario シナリオ Noun B1 Uncommon A description of a possible sequence of events.  When people are wondering what to do, they think of different scenarios, or possi… scholar 学者たち Noun B1 Uncommon Someone who studies a subject deeply, especially in an academic setting. science 理科、科学 Noun A1 Common The intellectual and practical activity encompassing the systematic study of the structure and behavior of the physical and natura… Science Council of Japan 日本学術会議 Noun C1 Common Science Council of Japan (SCJ) is the representative organization of Japanese scientist community ranging over all fields of scien… scout 偵察する Verb B1 Uncommon To search for or explore an area to gather information. scrumptious 美味しい Adjective B2 Rare extremely appetizing or delicious scrutiny 精査 Noun B2 Uncommon To be carefully examined especially in a critical way. secessionist 脱退派（だったいは） Adjective, Noun C1 Rare a person or group that withdraws from an organization or state seclusion 隠遁 Noun B1 Rare The state of being private and away from others. second-guess 疑問に思う Idiom, Verb C1 Common To criticize or question actions or decisions of (someone) often after the results of those actions or decisions are known; also :… secondary ticket market 二次チケット市場 Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon The secondary ticket market is made up exclusively of tickets hoping to be resold after their original purchase from a venue's box… sect 宗派 Noun B2 Uncommon A religious group that has separated from a larger religion due to a change in ideology or focus.  In some cases sects are conside… secular 世俗的な、非宗教的な Adjective B2 Uncommon Not connected with religion; relating to ordinary worldly matters. segregated 分離された Adjective B2 Rare Set apart or separated from others.  Restricted to members of one group or one race by a policy of segregation. self defense 自己防衛 Idiom B1 Common A plea of justification for the use of force or for hurting or killing someone.  The act of defending oneself or someone else. self-interest 自己利益 Noun B2 Common A concern for one's own advantage and well-being, one's own interest or advantage, especially when pursued without regard for othe… Senate Judiciary Committee 上院司法委員会 Noun C1 Rare The United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, informally the Senate Judiciary Committee, is a standing committee of 22 U.S.… seniority 古参 Noun B2 Rare A privileged status attained by length of continuous service, as in a company. sentiment 感情 Noun B2 Uncommon An attitude, thought, or judgment based on a personal feeling or opinion. serendipitously 偶然に Adverb C1 Rare Something good has happened by luck or chance; by serendipity. serene 穏やかな Adjective B2 Uncommon calm, peaceful, and untroubled; tranquil. shady 怪しい Adjective B2 Uncommon Actions that have questionable merit.  Suspicious, unreliable, questionable, or secret actions that may be illegal.  Shady charact… shield シールド、防御盾 Noun A2 Uncommon Something that protects or defends. A device or part that serves as a protective cover or barrier.  A barrier to protect a space c… shortness of breath 呼吸困難 Noun, Phrase B2 Rare Shortness of breath — known medically as dyspnea — is often described as an intense tightening in the chest, air hunger, difficult… shrine 神社 Noun A2 Uncommon A place of worship connected with a particular religion, especially one containing a sacred object. In the context of Japan we are… shutout 完封 Noun B1 Rare In the game of baseball, where the pitchers on the winning team do not give up any runs to the opposing team. shuttle シャトルバス Noun, Verb A2 Uncommon A bus or other vehicle that makes regular trips between places. side effect 副作用 Noun, Phrase B1 Common A secondary, typically undesirable effect of a drug or medical treatment. (Oxford) sightseeing 観光 Noun A2 Uncommon Visiting the famous or interesting places of an area. sigmoidoscopy S状結腸鏡検査 Noun C2 Rare An examination in which the doctor uses an endoscope designed to be passed through the anus for visual examination especially of t… signage サイネージ Noun C1 Rare The use of signs and symbols to convey information. signature 看板メニュー Adjective B1 Uncommon The most famous or representative item of a restaurant or business. significance 重要性 Noun B2 Uncommon importance or special meaning silhouette シルエット Noun B1 Uncommon A dark shape or outline of something visible against a lighter background. singer 歌手 Noun A1 Common A performer who sings songs professionally. Some singers write their own songs. single シングル Noun B2 Common An audio musical recording of one song.  On traditional vinyl records, there were two songs included - that A side and the B side.… sinus headache 副鼻腔の頭痛 Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon Sinus headaches are headaches that may feel like an infection in the sinuses (sinusitis). You may feel pressure around your eyes, … situated 位置する Adjective A2 Uncommon Located.  Something is situated somewhere. skew 歪める Verb B2 Rare Slant or trend towards a particular direction or focus; not symmetrical.  Can be biased or distorted in a way that is regarded as … slam dunk 大勝 Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon a very easy and complete success; originated in basketball! slammed とても忙しい Adjective, Slang B2 Uncommon Being very busy.  Given too much work. slammed 信じられないほど忙しい Adjective, Slang B2 Uncommon to be very busy, normally at work slippery slope スリッペリ スロプ Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon A course of action that seemingly can lead inevitably from one action or result to another with unintended consequences. slit-lamp exam 細隙灯検査 Noun C1 Uncommon The slit lamp exam is a standard diagnostic procedure, which is also known as biomicroscopy. A slit lamp combines a microscope wit… slot canyon スロットキャニオン Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon A narrow canyon with very steep walls, often formed by water erosion. slump スランプ Noun, Verb B2 Uncommon a period of poor performance or reduced efficiency. Smiley face 笑顔の絵文字 Idiom, Noun A1 Uncommon An emoji of a smiling face. smoking cessation program 禁煙プログラム Noun, Phrase B2 Rare A program to assist people who want to stop smoking.  It is hard to quit smoking if you are acting alone. Smokers usually have a m… smother たっっぷりかける Verb B2 Uncommon To cover or coat thickly with a substance, such as a liquid or sauce.   so far これまでのところ Phrase A2 Common up until now, at present social media ソーシャルメディア Noun, Phrase B1 Common websites and apps that allow people to create, share, and interact with content and other users society 社会 Noun A2 Common The aggregate of people living together in a community.  A society may consist of like-minded individuals, similar to a club, with… software ソフトウェア Noun A2 Uncommon A general term that describes computer programs. Related terms such as software programs, applications, scripts, and instruction s… solid state drive ソリッドステートドライブ Noun B2 Common Commonly known as SSD.  A computer storage device that stores data until it is explicitly deleted by the user.  An SSD performs th… song 歌 Noun A1 Common A musical composition with a melody and lyrics. soulful 魂のこもった Adjective B2 Rare Expressing feeling or emotion.  From the soul. sounds like a plan いい考えだね Idiom B1 Common Used to indicate agreement with a proposed suggestion. sour grapes 負け惜しみ Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon An expression that refers to criticism of a sporting event outcome that in the speaker's opinion was unjust or unfair. It indicate… space capsule 宇宙カプセル Noun B2 Uncommon A portion of a spacecraft that is used to reenter the Earth's atmosphere. Capsules have the ability to survive reentry and return … spacecraft 宇宙船 Noun B1 Uncommon A vehicle or device designed for travel or operation outside the earth's atmosphere.  May be manned or unmanned. spash はねる Verb A2 Rare the action of water splashing or hitting against a surface specialist 専門医 Noun B1 Uncommon In the context of healthcare, a specialist is a medical doctor or technician that is an expert, or specializes, in a particular ar… species 種 Noun B1 Common a group of living things that are similar and can usually reproduce with each other spectacular 壮観な Adjective B1 Uncommon very impressive, beautiful, or dramatic spiffy 格好いい Adjective B2 Rare Smart, cool, stylish in appearance. splendor 壮麗さ Noun B2 Uncommon great beauty and magnificence splurge 贅沢する Verb B2 Rare To indulge oneself extravagantly; to spend extravagantly or ostentatiously sponsor スポンサー Noun B1 Uncommon One who assumes responsibility for some other person.  Sponsoring something (or someone) is the act of supporting an event, activi… sprawling 広大な Adjective B2 Rare Spreading out over a large area in an irregular or uncontrolled way. spread of infection 感染拡大 Phrase B2 Uncommon rampancy, infestation; proliferation of infection, disease, e.g. coronavirus, COVID-19 spreadsheet スプレッドシート Noun B1 Rare A computer program that allows the entry, calculation, and storage of data in columns and rows.  squander 浪費する Verb B2 Rare To lose (something, such as an advantage or opportunity) through negligence, incompetence or inaction. squirm もがく Verb B1 Rare Fidget, struggle.  Feel pressure to a degree. stable 安定した Adjective A2 Uncommon Firmly established, fixed, steadfast, not changing or fluctuating. stance 立場 Noun B2 Uncommon An opinion, viewpoint, or leaning towards one option versus others.   standalone device スタンドアロンデバイス Phrase B2 Common A standalone device is any mechanism or system that performs its function without the need of another device, computer, or network… standardization 標準化 Noun B2 Rare An activity to bring something into conformity with a standard, typically in order to assure consistency and regularity.   stark 全く Adjective B2 Uncommon Distinct, sharp. starter 前菜 Noun A2 Uncommon An appetizer.  Items seen in the "Starter" section of the menu. starve 飢える Verb B1 Uncommon To die from lack of food.  To suffer extreme hunger. state-of-the-art 最先端の、最新鋭の Adjective, Phrase B2 Common Using the most advanced and modern technology or methods available. statement 陳述 Noun A2 Common A single declaration or remark.  An assertion, a report of facts or opinions.  statin drug スタチン系薬剤 Noun, Phrase C1 Common Statins are a class of drugs often prescribed by doctors to help lower cholesterol levels in the blood. By lowering the levels, th… statistics 統計 Noun B1 Uncommon A branch of mathematics dealing with the collection, analysis, interpretation, and presentation of masses of numerical data.  Quan… status meeting ステータスミーティング Noun C1 Uncommon An important part of any project development and implementation. It is through status meetings that the project manager can monito… STD STD Abbreviation, Noun C1 Uncommon A common abbreviation for sexually transmitted disease.  Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) — or sexually transmitted infections… stellar 抜群な Adjective B1 Uncommon Exceptionally good; outstanding. stent ステント Noun C1 Rare A stent is a tiny tube placed into a hollow structure in your body. This structure can be an artery, a vein, or another structure … stereograph ステレオグラフ Noun C2 Rare A pair of stereoscopic pictures or a picture composed of two superposed stereoscopic images that gives a three-dimensional effect … stereoscope ステレオスコープ Noun C2 Rare An optical instrument with two eyepieces for helping the observer to combine the images of two pictures taken from points of view … steroid ステロイド Noun B2 Rare Steroids, also called corticosteroids, are anti-inflammatory medicines used to treat a range of conditions. They're different from… stethoscope 聴診器 Noun B1 Rare A medical instrument for listening to the action of someone's heart or breathing, typically having a small disk-shaped resonator t… stick it out 粘り抜く Idiom B2 Common To continue doing something to the end, even when it is difficult or boring. stipulate 定める Verb C1 Rare To specify something as a condition or requirement (as of an agreement or offer), often as part of a negotiation. stipulation 規定 Noun C1 Rare A condition or requirement specified in a legal document. stoked とても興奮した、ワクワクした Adjective B1 Uncommon Very excited or enthusiastic about something. stomach 胃 Noun A1 Common The stomach is located in the upper-left area of the abdomen below the liver and next to the spleen. Its main function is to store… stonewall 妨害する Verb C1 Rare To engage in obstructive parliamentary debate or delaying tactics, to be uncooperative, obstructive, or evasive, to refuse to comp… storefront 店先、店舗の正面 Noun B1 Rare The front side of a store, especially the part facing the street and often including windows and displays. storm 攻撃 Verb B2 Common Normally used in a military context, to rush or charge a structure as part of a battle.  Attack, assault. strategic 戦略的 Adjective B2 Uncommon carefully planned to give an advantage, especially in war or competition. the opposite of tactical strategy 戦略 Noun B1 Uncommon Strategy generally involves setting goals and priorities, determining actions to achieve the goals, and mobilizing resources to ex… straw purchase スツラウ パチャス Noun, Phrase C2 Uncommon A person that is underage or has a criminal record gives another person money to buy a gun for the them.  This is called a "straw … strenuous 激しい、骨の折れる、過酷な Adjective B2 Rare requiring a lot of effort or energy; physically or mentally demanding stress ストレス Noun A2 Common Stress is a feeling of emotional or physical tension. It can come from any event or thought that makes you feel frustrated, angry,… stress test 心臓の負荷試験 Noun, Phrase B2 Common A stress test, sometimes called a treadmill test or exercise test, helps a doctor find out how well your heart handles work. As yo… strikeout 三振 Noun B1 Rare An out in baseball resulting from a batter's being charged with three strikes.  The third strike can be called by the umpire, or t… stunning 見事な Adjective B1 Uncommon Causing astonishment or disbelief, strikingly impressive especially in beauty or excellence. A complete surprise. stymie 妨げる、追い詰める Verb C1 Rare To present an obstacle to accomplishing something.  Prevent or hinder progress. subscribe 購読する Verb B1 Rare to pay to receive a newspaper, magazine, or service regularly subscription 定期購読、購読、加入 Noun B1 Uncommon An arrangement to receive or use something regularly by paying in advance or signing up. subsequent 後続の Adjective B2 Uncommon Coming after something in time, order, or position. subsidize 補助金を出す Verb B2 Rare to support financially. subsidy 補助金 Noun B2 Rare A grant or allocation of money.  A program can be subsidized with additional funds.   substances 物質 Noun B1 Uncommon The real physical matter of which a thing consists and which has a tangible, solid presence. suburb 郊外 Noun A2 Uncommon An outlying part of a city or town, a smaller community adjacent to or within commuting distance of a city, the residential area o… subway 地下鉄 Noun A2 Uncommon An electric, underground railway.  Typically constructed beneath a large city. succeed 成功する Verb A2 Uncommon Achieve the desired aim or result. successor 後継者 Noun B1 Uncommon a person who comes after someone in power or position Such is life そういうものだ Phrase B1 Common An expression used to accept that unpleasant or unfortunate things happen as part of life. sucker punch 不意打ち Idiom, Slang B2 Uncommon A punch of a person suddenly without warning and often without apparent provocation.  suffice 十分である Verb B2 Uncommon To be enough or adequate for a particular purpose. suite スイート Noun B1 Uncommon A set of items or programs that are delivered together. Software is often bundled into a suite of modules or applications. For exa… summon 召喚する Verb B2 Uncommon To muster, gather or collect.  In this context, to summon enough energy or courage is a common way of expressing that thought. sumptuous 豪華な Adjective C1 Rare very rich, luxurious, and impressive; delicious sundries 雑貨、諸用品 Noun C1 Rare various small items or miscellaneous goods Super Bowl スーパーボール Phrase B1 Common The annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL), typically held in early February. superb 素晴らしい、 उत्कृष्टな Adjective B1 Uncommon excellent; of very high quality superficial 表面的な Adjective B2 Uncommon appearing to be true or real only until examined more closely. surf and turf シーフードとステーキ Idiom C1 Uncommon Seafood and steak served as a single course. The seafood is most commonly lobster. surge 湧く Verb B2 Uncommon To move suddenly and powerfully forward or upward.  Increase.  Overflow. surgery 手術 Noun B1 Common Treating diseases, injuries, or deformities with operative medical procedures. surpass 超える Verb B2 Rare exceed, to go beyond some other measurement surreal シュール Adjective B2 Uncommon Strange; not seeming real; like a dream.  Resembling a dream: fantastic and incongruous. surrounded 囲まれた (かこまれた) Adjective A2 Uncommon covered or enclosed on all sides survey 調査 Noun B1 Uncommon the examination of a condition, situation, or value : appraise, to query (someone) in order to collect data for the analysis of so… susceptible 影響されやすい Adjective B2 Uncommon Likely or liable to be influenced or harmed by a particular thing. swath 帯 Noun B2 Rare a long, broad strip of something, most often used for cloth or land swell 増加する Verb B2 Uncommon To expand (as in size, volume, or numbers) gradually beyond a normal or original limit. switch スイッチ Noun C1 Common A network device that facilitates the sharing of resources by connecting together all the devices, including computers, printers, … sycophantic おべっかを使う、追従的な Adjective C1 Rare Excessively flattering someone in order to gain favor. symptom 症状 Noun A2 Uncommon Any feeling of illness or physical or mental change that is caused by a particular disease or illness. synergy 相乗効果 Noun C1 Rare the combined effect of things working together being greater than their separate effects synonymous 同義語の Adjective B2 Rare Something that has the same meaning or connotation as something else.  For example, many words are synonymous with other words. systematic 系統的な Adjective B2 Rare Relating to a system and its fundamental processes, whether they are implemented as part of a computer program or manual procedure… systems engineering システムエンジニアリング Noun C1 Uncommon Systems engineering is an interdisciplinary field of engineering and engineering management that focuses on how to design, integra… taboo タブーの Adjective B2 Uncommon Something that violates a religious or cultural norm.  tailwind 追い風 Noun C1 Rare A force or influence that advances progress toward an improved condition or state.  Opposite of headwind. taken aback びっくりした Adjective, Phrase B2 Rare To be surprised or perplexed by something. talent 人材 Noun C1 Common Refers to individuals that may be evaluated for a company position based on their capabilities or experience.   tariff 関税 Noun B2 Rare A schedule of duties or fees imposed by a government on imported goods. technical 技術の Adjective B1 Uncommon Having special and usually practical knowledge especially of a mechanical or scientific subject.  Often used to describe topics th… technology 技術 Noun A2 Common The study and knowledge of the practical, especially industrial, use of scientific discoveries.   tedious 退屈な Adjective B2 Uncommon Tiresome because of length or dullness.  Repetitious. Monotonous.   teem ごった返す Adjective, Verb B2 Rare to be full of moving people or things temple 寺院 Noun A2 Common a building or place used for Buddhist or other religious worship temple complex 寺院群 Noun B2 Uncommon a group of temples or buildings that form one religious site temporary 一時的に Adjective A2 Uncommon Something that lasts for a limited period of time. tempted 魅了された Adjective, Verb B1 Uncommon Attracted or enticed to do something tengu 天狗 Noun C2 Rare a mythical mountain spirit in Japanese folklore terminate 終了する Verb B2 Uncommon to end or stop something terrain 地形 Noun B2 Uncommon The physical features of a piece of land, such as hills, rocks, or desert. testimony 証言 Noun B2 Uncommon A solemn declaration usually made orally by a witness under oath in response to interrogation by a lawyer or authorized public off… that works それで良い Idiom A2 Common This is ok with me.  It is fine with me.  Often used like "that works for me". the stars and stripes 星条旗 Idiom B2 Uncommon The flag of the United States. theoretically 理論的には Adverb B2 Uncommon according to theory; in principle, though not necessarily in practice therapy 治療 Noun B1 Uncommon Medical treatment of impairment, injury, or disease. thumb drive サムドライブ Noun B1 Uncommon A storage media that is small in size, and uses a USB interface to connect to a personal computer.  Storage size on thumb drives v… thumbs up いいぞ Noun A1 Uncommon The "thumbs up" signal is a common hand gesture achieved by a closed fist held with the thumb extended upward in approval. This ge… thwart 阻止する Verb B2 Rare To oppose successfully :  effectively oppose or resist.  Prevent something from happening. timeslot 時間帯 Noun B1 Rare A specific period of time assigned for something. to the core 芯まで Idiom B2 Uncommon In a very complete or extreme way.  With no ambiguity. tongue 舌 Noun A1 Common A strong muscle that is anchored to the floor of the mouth. The tongue is covered by the lingual membrane, which has special areas… tonsils 扁桃腺 Noun B1 Uncommon Small masses of lymphoid tissue at the back and on both sides of the throat. The tonsils are part of the lymphatic system, which h… top notch 一流 Adjective B2 Uncommon Something of high quality or status. topping トッピング Noun A2 Uncommon Something added on top of a dish for flavor or decoration. totem pole トーテムポール Noun, Phrase B1 Uncommon A pole or pillar carved and painted with a series of totemic symbols representing family lineage and often mythical or historical … touchdown タッチダウン Noun B1 Uncommon In American football, when a player advances the ball past the other team's goal line. Six points are awarded for a touchdown. tourist trap 観光地 Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon A place that attracts many tourists and often sells overpriced goods or experiences, sometimes feeling commercial or inauthentic. tournament トーナメント Noun B1 Uncommon In a sport or game, a series of contests between a number of competitors, who compete for an overall prize. tower タワー Noun B2 Common A personal computer case that is taller than its width or depth. track and field 陸上競技 Idiom, Noun B1 Common Any of various competitive athletic events (such as running, jumping, and weight throwing) performed on a running track and on the… trailhead 登山道の入口、トレイルの出発点 Noun C1 Rare the starting point of a trail or hiking path trait 特性 Noun B1 Uncommon A distinguishing quality person's character.  Some traits are inherited. transcend 越える、超越する Verb C1 Rare To rise above or go beyond the limits of something.  Exceed. transition 移行 Noun B1 Uncommon Passage from one state, stage, subject, or place to another.  Change, a movement, development, or evolution from one form, stage, … transitional 移行の Adjective B2 Rare related to or denoting a change from one state or condition to another transportation network 輸送網 Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon A structure which enables either vehicular movement or the flow of some commodity.  Examples include road networks, railways, air … travel agency 旅行会社 Noun A2 Common An agency engaged in selling and arranging transportation, accommodations, tours, and trips for travelers, also called travel bure… traverse 巡る Verb C1 Rare to travel across, through, or over something treasure 宝物 Noun A2 Common Something valuable that is kept safe. treatment regimen 治療計画 Noun, Phrase C1 Rare A treatment plan that specifies the dosage, the schedule, and the duration of treatment. (cancer.gov) trigger 触発させる Verb B2 Uncommon Figuratively, to cause some activity to commence.  Some event may trigger another event or activity to occur.  troll 荒らし Noun, Slang, Verb B1 Uncommon a person who posts rude or annoying messages online to upset others tuckered out 疲れ果ててしまった Adjective B1 Rare Exhausted, very tired, worn out. turbulent 波乱な Adjective B2 Uncommon Characterized by agitation or tumult : tempestuous, causing unrest, violence, or disturbance. turn pro プロに転向 Idiom B1 Uncommon To become a professional in a certain sport or in a certain field.  Decide to become a professional. turn the tide 流れを変える Idiom B2 Uncommon To change a situation, especially so that you begin to win instead of losing. turning point 転換点 Noun, Phrase B1 Common A point in time at which a significant change occurs. turnover meeting 引き継ぎのミーテイング Noun, Phrase C1 Uncommon A meeting between a person who is quitting a job and that person's successor. The purpose of the meeting is to "turn over" the wor… twinge 刺すような痛み Noun B2 Rare A sudden sharp stab of pain. two-point conversion 2 点変換 Noun C1 Uncommon In American football, after a touchdown is scored, the offense has the option to either kick an extra point, or try to score a tou… Tylenol タイレノール Noun, Proper Noun C1 Rare Tylenol is used to treat many conditions such as headache, muscle aches, arthritis, backache, toothaches, sore throats, colds, flu… ulcerative colitis 潰瘍性大腸炎 Noun C1 Rare A inflammatory disease of the colon of unknown cause characterized by diarrhea with discharge of mucus and blood, cramping abdomin… unbeknownst 知らない Adjective C1 Rare Something happening or existing without the subject person's knowledge. The state of not knowing something. Always used with parti… unceremoniously 不用意に Adverb C1 Rare Without formalities or fanfare.   Informal, abrupt, rude. under the auspices 後援の下 Idiom C1 Common With the help and support of someone or something.  underrated 過小評価されている Adjective, Verb B1 Rare not given as much praise or value as it deserves underwent 受けた Verb B2 Rare to have gone through or experienced something unfold 展開する Verb B1 Uncommon Reveal; to make clear by gradual disclosure.  Develops and becomes clear. unifier 統一の立役者 Noun C1 Rare a person who brings separate parts together into one unique ユニーク Adjective A2 Common different from all others; one of a kind unity 団結 Noun B1 Uncommon The state of being together, united. Multiple entities joined, together. universe 宇宙 Noun A2 Common All existing matter and space considered as a whole; the cosmos. unstable 不安定 Adjective A2 Uncommon Not stable : not firm or fixed : not constant: such as, not steady in action or movement : irregular, wavering in purpose or inten… untenable 続けるのが難しい Adjective C1 Rare Unable to continue in its present state going forward. Unsustainable over time. upend 逆さまにする Verb B2 Rare To change something utterly and completely, moving the discussion in the opposite direction. Disrupt. upgrade アップグレードする Verb B1 Uncommon To replace an older computer component or software with a newer one. uprising 反乱 Noun, Verb B2 Uncommon a rebellion or revolt against authority upscale 高級な Adjective B1 Rare Describes something that is above average in stature and rating.  The word upscale is often used to describe a restaurant or hotel… upset 番狂わせ Noun B1 Common In competition, a team wins even though they were expected to lose.   urge しきりに促す Verb B1 Uncommon To encourage (someone or something) to move ahead, to do something, etc. urinalysis 尿検査 Noun C1 Rare A chemical analysis of urine. urine 尿 Noun A2 Uncommon Your kidneys make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from your blood. The waste is called urea. Your blood carries it to th… US Courts of Appeals 連邦控訴裁判所 Noun C1 Uncommon The United States courts of appeals or circuit courts are the intermediate appellate courts of the United States federal judiciary… US Supreme Court 合衆国最高裁判所 Noun C1 Uncommon The Supreme Court of the United States is the highest judicial body in the country and leads the judicial branch of the federal go… usher in .....の到来を告げる Phrase, Verb B2 Uncommon To precede and introduce something; inaugurate something. vaccine ワクチン Noun B1 Uncommon A preparation of killed microorganisms, living attenuated organisms, or living fully virulent organisms that is administered to pr… vacillating 揺れる Adjective C1 Rare Wavering in mind, will, or feeling.  Hesitating in choice of opinions or courses, to sway through lack of equilibrium, fluctuate, … valley 谷 Noun A2 Common a low area of land between hills or mountains values 価値 Noun B1 Uncommon Ideals, ethics, principles, standards.   vantage point 絶好のロケーション Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon a position from which something can be seen clearly varsity 代表チーム Noun B2 Uncommon The principal squad representing a university, college, school, or club especially in a sport. veer 進路を変える Verb B2 Uncommon To change direction or course.  To change from one course, position, inclination, etc., to another. vehicle 車両 Noun A2 Common A means of carrying or transporting something.  Almost always refers to a land-based machine such as a car or truck, not an airpla… venture ベンチャー Noun B2 Uncommon A risky or daring journey or undertaking. venture 思い切って行くこと Verb B2 Uncommon going somewhere or trying something new, often boldly or with risk venue 会場 Noun B1 Uncommon A place where an event is held.  A venue can be a building, concert hall, or an outdoor venue such as a park or lot. version バージョン Noun A2 Common Typically refers to the version, or release, of a particular software product.  Often software product versions are assigned a num… vibrant 活気に満ちた Adjective B2 Uncommon full of energy, color, or activity vicious 悪質な Adjective B2 Uncommon Dangerously aggressive, savage.  Ferocious,  fierce, malicious, spiteful. victory 勝利 Noun A2 Common Ultimate success in a war, battle, contest, game, election, or other competition that is pitted between two or more adversaries.  viewpoint 観点 Noun B1 Rare A position or perspective from which something is considered or evaluated : point of view, standpoint. vigilante 自警団員 Noun C1 Uncommon A member of a group organized to punish criminals outside the auspices of any government police entity. Vigilante groups are typic… villa 別荘 Noun B1 Uncommon a large country house, often used as a residence away from the city vindicated 晴らされた Adjective, Verb C1 Rare to clear from blame or suspicion violation 違反 Noun B1 Uncommon The act of not following the law.  Illegal conduct.  A violation can also refer to a rule that is not followed, for example, in sp… virtual reality バーチャルリアリティ Noun, Phrase B2 Uncommon Virtual Reality (VR) is a computer-generated environment with scenes and objects that appear to be real, making the user feel they… visitor center ビジターセンター Noun, Phrase B1 Uncommon a place that gives information to visitors about a park, museum, or area vista 展望台 Noun B2 Uncommon A wide, beautiful view, especially from a high place. vitals 重要器官 Noun C1 Uncommon Vitals, short for vital signs, are clinical measurements, specifically pulse rate, temperature, respiration rate, and blood pressu… vitreous detachment 硝子体剥離 Noun, Phrase C2 Uncommon A condition in which a part of the eye called the vitreous shrinks and separates from the retina. The vitreous is a gel-like subst… vociferously 大声で Adverb C1 Rare in a noisy, clamorous way; in a loud and forceful manner. volcano 火山 Noun A2 Uncommon a mountain that can erupt and release lava, ash, and gases volunteer 有志 Noun A2 Uncommon A person who voluntarily undertakes or expresses a willingness to undertake a service for no compensation.   vote by mail 郵便投票する Phrase, Verb B2 Common Voting by mail can be done by what is called an absentee ballot or mail-in ballot. But there is a lot of confusions and misinforma… vow 心に決める Verb B1 Uncommon to promise very strongly that you will do something wainscoting 羽目板 Noun, Verb C2 Rare wooden panels covering the lower part of an interior wall wander 歩き回る Verb A2 Uncommon To move about without a fixed course, aim, or specific goal.  To follow a winding course, to meander. warehouse 倉庫 Noun A2 Uncommon a large building used for storing goods warlord 武将 Noun C1 Uncommon A military leader of a faction, tribe, or region that is typically independent of the government.   warrant 令状 Noun B2 Common A document issued by a legal or government official authorizing the police to make an arrest, search premises, or carry out some o… weaponry 武器 Noun B2 Uncommon weapons used in war or fighting website ウェブサイト Noun A1 Uncommon A group of web pages usually containing hyperlinks to each other and made available online by an individual, company, educational … well in hand 上手くいく Idiom B2 Common Completely under one's control. well-being 幸福 Noun B2 Common The state of being happy, healthy, or prosperous. Wellness, welfare. whiz ウィズ Noun C2 Uncommon a cheese sauce used on a cheesesteak, most notably used first by Pat's King of Steaks in Philadelphia. WI-FI WI-FI Noun A2 Uncommon Wi-Fi refers to the wireless LAN technologies that utilize the IEEE 802.11 standards for communications. Wi-Fi products use radio … wide receiver ワイドレシーバー Noun C1 Uncommon In American football, a player on the offense that is eligible by rule to catch a pass. On a given play, an offense will have betw… wild pitch 暴投 Idiom C1 Uncommon A baseball pitch not hit by the batter that cannot be caught or controlled by the catcher with ordinary effort and that enables a … wine country ワインカントリー Phrase B2 Common Wine Country is the region of California, in the northern Bay Area, known worldwide as a premier wine-growing region.   Wine Count… wired network 有線ネットワーク Noun B2 Uncommon A computer network that relies on physical wire to connect individual computers to the network.   witness 目撃する Verb B1 Common To see some action in person, first hand. witness 証人 Noun A2 Common A person that has first hand knowledge of an incident because they were physically present when it happened. workforce 労働力 Noun B1 Rare The workers engaged in a specific activity, enterprise, or company. yank 降ろす Verb B2 Uncommon In baseball context, to be removed from the game. Normally referring to a pitcher. yearned 切望した Verb B2 Rare Longed for; desired strongly. YouTube ユーチューブ Noun A1 Uncommon A video streaming service that is mostly free but does have a paid subscription plan that offers more features.  Owned by Google. zeal 熱意 Noun C1 Rare Eagerness and ardent interest in pursuit of something : fervor. Zodiac 黄道十二宮 Noun B2 Uncommon the belt of constellations through which the sun, moon, and planets appear to move; also the system of astrological signs based on…