説明
Use the present simple negative to say that something is not true now or is not a usual habit. In English, you usually need "don't" or "doesn't" before the main verb.
Look at "She doesn't work on Sundays." "She" is the subject. "Doesn't" shows the sentence is negative for "she." "Work" stays in the base form, and "on Sundays" tells us the usual time. In Japanese, you often make the verb negative directly, like "働きません," but English uses a helper word.
現在形の否定は、今そうではないことや、いつもの習慣ではないことを言うときに使います。英語では、ふつう動詞の前に "don't" または "doesn't" を置きます。
たとえば "She doesn't work on Sundays." では、"She" が主語です。"doesn't" が "彼女は〜しない" という否定を作ります。動詞 "work" は原形のままで、"on Sundays" は「日曜日には」という習慣の時間を表します。日本語では「働きません」のように動詞そのものを否定にしますが、英語では助動詞のような "do/does" が必要です。
例文
- I don't drink coffee. 私はコーヒーを飲みません。
- She doesn't work on Sundays. 彼女は日曜日は働きません。
- We don't live in Tokyo. 私たちは東京に住んでいません。
- My son doesn't like carrots. 私の息子はにんじんが好きではありません。
- They don't play soccer after school. 彼らは放課後にサッカーをしません。
- The train doesn't stop here at night. その電車は夜はここに止まりません。
よくある間違い
Japanese learners often leave out "do/does" and say "She not work on Sundays," or they add "s" after "doesn't" and say "She doesn't works on Sundays." The correct forms are "She doesn't work on Sundays" and "He doesn't like natto." Remember: "don't/doesn't" already makes the sentence negative, so the main verb stays in the base form.
日本語の感覚で "do/does" を抜いて「She not work on Sundays.」と言ったり、"doesn't" の後に "s" をつけて「She doesn't works on Sundays.」と言ったりしやすいです。正しくは「She doesn't work on Sundays.」「He doesn't like natto.」です。"don't/doesn't" 自体が否定なので、その後の動詞は原形のままにします。