Common and Proper Nouns

A1 Eiken 3 Beginner

common noun / proper noun

Explanation

Common nouns name general people, places, or things. Proper nouns name one specific person, place, or thing, and they start with a capital letter.

Look at "Mika lives in Tokyo." "Mika" is a proper noun because it is one person’s name. "Tokyo" is also a proper noun because it is the name of one city. "Lives" is the verb, and the sentence tells us where Mika lives. In English, common nouns like "dog" or "city" often need "a", "an", or "the", but proper nouns usually do not.

Examples

  • My dog is friendly. 私の犬は人なつこいです。
  • Mika lives in Kyoto. ミカは京都に住んでいます。
  • The teacher is late. その先生は遅れています。
  • Do you know Emma? エマを知っていますか。
  • We do not need a car. 私たちは車を必要としていません。
  • London is a big city. ロンドンは大きな都市です。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often forget capital letters for names and places.

Wrong: "i live in the Tokyo."

Right: "I live in Tokyo."

They also sometimes add "the" before a city name. Proper nouns like "Mika" and "Tokyo" need a capital letter, and most city names do not take an article.

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