Explanation
Use the present perfect with "already", "yet", and "just" to talk about something that is finished, but still close to now.
In "I have just finished my homework," "I" is the subject, "have finished" shows a complete action, and "just" means a very short time ago. In Japanese, this often sounds like "ちょうど終わったところです" or "もう終わりました". Put "already" before the past participle in affirmative sentences, as in "She has already left for work." Put "yet" at the end in questions and negatives, as in "Have you eaten yet?" and "We haven't started yet."
「already」「yet」「just」を使う現在完了は、終わっているけれど今に近いことを表します。
たとえば "I have just finished my homework." では、"I" が主語、"have finished" が完了した動作、"just" が「ほんの少し前」を表します。日本語では「ちょうど宿題を終えたところです」「もう終わりました」に近いです。"already" は肯定文で過去分詞の前に置き、"She has already left for work." のように使います。"yet" は疑問文や否定文の最後に置き、"Have you eaten yet?" や "We haven't started yet." のように使います。
Examples
- I have just finished my homework. ちょうど宿題を終えたところです。
- She has already left for work. 彼女はもう仕事に出かけました。
- Have you eaten yet? もうごはんは食べましたか。
- We haven't started yet. 私たちはまだ始めていません。
- Have you already seen this movie? この映画、もう見ましたか。
- They have just moved into a new apartment. 彼らはちょうど新しいアパートに引っ越したところです。
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often use the past simple or put "yet" in the wrong place.
Wrong: "I finished my homework just."
Right: "I have just finished my homework."
Wrong: "I not finished yet."
Right: "I haven't finished yet."
Wrong: "Have you eaten already?" is possible, but for this point the safer pattern is "Have you eaten yet?" or "I have already eaten."
日本語話者は、過去形を使ってしまったり、"yet" の位置を間違えたりしやすいです。
誤り: "I finished my homework just."
正しくは "I have just finished my homework."
誤り: "I not finished yet."
正しくは "I haven't finished yet." "yet" は疑問文や否定文の最後に置くのが基本です。