Compound Nouns

A1 Eiken 3 Beginner

noun + noun

Explanation

Compound nouns use two nouns together to make one idea.

In "I bought a train ticket," "I" is the subject and "bought" is the verb. The phrase "a train ticket" is the object, and "train" tells us what kind of ticket it is. English usually puts the describing noun first, but Japanese usually uses "の", like "電車の切符". When you make it plural, change only the main noun: "train tickets."

Examples

  • I bought a train ticket. 電車の切符を買いました。
  • Do you have a bus pass? バスの定期券はありますか。
  • She left her phone charger at home. 彼女はスマホの充電器を家に忘れました。
  • We need a new kitchen table. 新しいキッチンテーブルが必要です。
  • He does not like school lunch. 彼は学校の給食が好きではありません。
  • My brother lives near the city center. 弟は市の中心部の近くに住んでいます。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often copy the Japanese order or add "of" or "'s" between the nouns: "a ticket of train" or "a train's ticket" -> "a train ticket." They may also make both nouns plural: "two trains tickets" -> "two train tickets."

Ready to practice? Try a quick fill-in-the-blank quiz on this grammar point.