Explanation
An adverb of manner tells how an action happens. It often comes after the verb or after the object.
In "She speaks clearly," "She" is the subject, "speaks" is the action, and "clearly" tells us how she speaks. Japanese often uses "〜に" or "〜く" for this meaning, but English usually needs an adverb form, not an adjective. So say "drive carefully" and not "drive careful." Some common words, like "fast" and "well," are also adverbs.
様態の副詞は、動作がどのように行われるかを表します。ふつうは動詞の後ろ、または目的語の後ろに置きます。
例えば "She speaks clearly." では、"She" が主語、"speaks" が動作、"clearly" が「どのように話すか」を表します。日本語では「〜に」や「〜く」で表すことが多いですが、英語では形容詞ではなく副詞を使います。だから "drive careful" ではなく "drive carefully" です。"fast" や "well" のように、-ly が付かない副詞もあります。
Examples
- She speaks clearly. 彼女ははっきり話します。
- He runs fast. 彼は速く走ります。
- Please drive carefully. 気をつけて運転してください。
- Can you explain it slowly? もう少しゆっくり説明してくれますか。
- I do not understand your answer well. あなたの答えがよくわかりません。
- The chef cut the vegetables carefully before dinner. シェフは夕食の前に野菜をていねいに切りました。
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often use the adjective form after a verb: "He sings beautiful." -> "He sings beautifully." They also write "Please drive careful." -> "Please drive carefully." Remember that "good" is an adjective, but "well" is the adverb, so "You did good." -> "You did well."
日本語学習者は、動詞の後に形容詞形を使うことがよくあります。 「He sings beautiful.」 → 「He sings beautifully.」。また、 「Please drive careful.」 → 「Please drive careful.」と書きます。「good」は形容詞ですが、「well」は副詞なので、 「You did good.」 → 「You did well.」となります。