Adjective Versus Adverb Forms

A1 Eiken 3 Beginner

linking verb + adjective / action verb + adverb

Explanation

Use an adjective after a linking verb, or before a noun. Use an adverb after an action verb to say how the action happens.

For example, "She speaks English well." Here "She" is the subject, "speaks" is the verb, "English" is the object, and "well" tells us how she speaks. Do not use "good" here, because "good" describes a noun, not an action. Japanese often uses one word for both ideas, so learners may forget to change the form in English. Some common pairs are "good/well" and "careful/carefully".

Examples

  • The soup tastes good. そのスープはおいしいです。
  • My brother runs fast. 弟は速く走ります。
  • She is a careful driver. 彼女は慎重な運転手です。
  • She speaks English well. 彼女は英語を上手に話します。
  • Do you work hard every day? 毎日、一生懸命働きますか。
  • I don't sleep well when I drink coffee at night. 夜にコーヒーを飲むと、よく眠れません。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often say "I speak English good." -> "I speak English well." They may also say "He runs fastly." -> "He runs fast." Some words, like "fast" and "hard," do not take "-ly."

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