"it" as a Dummy Subject

A1 Eiken 3 Beginner

it + be + weather / time / distance

Explanation

Use dummy "it" when English needs a subject, but there is no real thing to point to. We often use it for weather, time, distance, and simple descriptions.

For example, "It is raining." In this sentence, "it" is only a filler subject, and "is raining" gives the real meaning. Japanese often says "雨が降っている" with no subject, but English must still say "it". In "It's 7 o'clock," "It" is the empty subject, and "'s" means "is".

Examples

  • It is raining. 雨が降っています。
  • It's cold today. 今日は寒いです。
  • It's 7 o'clock now. 今は7時です。
  • Is it far from here? ここから遠いですか。
  • It isn't sunny today. 今日は晴れていません。
  • It was warm yesterday. 昨日は暖かかったです。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often leave out "it" in weather or time sentences.

Wrong: "Is raining." or "Cold today."

Right: "It is raining." and "It is cold today."

English needs a subject, so use dummy "it" even when it has no real meaning.

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