Using "unless" - Negative Conditions Meaning "if not"

B1 Eiken 2 Intermediate

unless + clause

Explanation

"Unless" means "if not." It starts a condition clause. Use a normal present form after it, not "will."

For example, "You can borrow my bike unless it rains." Here, "You can borrow my bike" is the main result. "Unless it rains" means "if it does not rain." Japanese often says "雨が降らなければ" or "雨でなければ," so the meaning is similar. English uses "unless" instead of a negative phrase in the same place.

Examples

  • You can borrow my bike unless it rains. 雨が降らなければ、私の自転車を借りてもいいよ。
  • I will call you unless I am late. 遅れなければ、電話します。
  • We won't go out unless the weather gets better. 天気がよくならなければ、外出しません。
  • Do not open the door unless you know the person. その人を知っている場合以外は、ドアを開けないでください。
  • Unless he finishes early, he will miss the train. 早く終わらなければ、彼はその電車に乗り遅れるでしょう。
  • I'm not giving you your gift unless you apologize. 謝罪しない限り、贈り物は渡しません。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often put "will" after "unless" or add a second negative.

Wrong: "I will stay home unless it will rain."

Right: "I will stay home unless it rains."

Wrong: "I won't go unless it doesn't rain."

Right: "I won't go unless it rains."

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