Passive Voice with Modal Verbs

B1 Eiken 2 Intermediate

modal verb + be + past participle

Explanation

Use this structure when you want to talk about what is possible, necessary, or allowed, and the thing is on the receiving side of the action.

For example, "The room must be cleaned before noon." Here "must" shows necessity, "be cleaned" is the passive verb, and "the room" is the thing that receives the action. "Before noon" tells us when it must happen. In Japanese, you often say "その部屋は正午までに掃除しなければなりません" or "掃除されます" depending on the meaning. In English, you must keep "be" after the modal verb, because the passive form needs it.

Examples

  • This book can be read in one day. この本は1日で読めます。
  • The room must be cleaned before noon. その部屋は正午までに掃除しなければなりません。
  • The windows should be closed at night. 窓は夜に閉めておくべきです。
  • Can this app be used offline? このアプリはオフラインで使えますか。
  • The milk must not be left out. 牛乳は出しっぱなしにしてはいけません。
  • Who should be contacted first? 最初に誰に連絡すべきですか。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often omit "be" after a modal verb: "This app can used offline." -> "This app can be used offline." In English, the passive needs "be" before the past participle.

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