Coordinating Conjunctions

A1 Eiken 3 Beginner

clause + and/but/or/so + clause

Explanation

Use coordinating conjunctions to join two equal parts. Common ones are "and", "but", "or", and "so".

In "I like tea, but I do not like coffee.", "I like tea" is one complete idea, "but" shows contrast, and "I do not like coffee" is the second complete idea. Japanese often uses "でも" or just joins ideas more loosely, but English needs the conjunction inside the sentence. "And" adds ideas, "but" shows a difference, "or" shows a choice, and "so" shows result.

Examples

  • I like tea and coffee. 私は紅茶とコーヒーが好きです。
  • She is kind but strict. 彼女は優しいですが、厳しいです。
  • Do you want tea or coffee? お茶かコーヒー、どちらがいいですか。
  • I was tired, so I went home early. 疲れていたので、早く家に帰りました。
  • Tom is from Japan, and he lives in Osaka. トムは日本出身で、大阪に住んでいます。
  • I do not eat meat, but I eat fish. 私は肉は食べませんが、魚は食べます。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often join two ideas with only a comma, like "I like tea, I like coffee." In English, use a conjunction: "I like tea and coffee." If you want contrast, use "but": "I like tea, but I do not like coffee."

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