Explanation
Use a modal verb + not to make a negative. The short forms are very common: "can't", "mustn't", and "shouldn't".
In "You mustn't park here.", "You" is the person, "mustn't" means "not allowed", and "park here" is the action. English puts the negative inside the modal verb, so you do not use "do" here. Japanese often says "ここに駐車してはいけません", so the meaning is the same, but English shows it in the modal verb.
モダル動詞の否定は "modal + not" で作ります。短い形の "can't", "mustn't", "shouldn't" がよく使われます。
たとえば "You mustn't park here." では、"You" が相手、"mustn't" が「してはいけない」、"park here" が行動です。ここでは "do" は使いません。日本語では "ここに駐車してはいけません" と言うので意味は同じですが、英語では否定がモダル動詞の中に入ります。
Examples
- I can't swim. 私は泳げません。
- She can't come today. 彼女は今日は来られません。
- Can't you wait a minute? 少し待てない？
- You mustn't use your phone here. ここでは携帯電話を使ってはいけません。
- We shouldn't spend so much. そんなに使わないほうがいいです。
- He can't find his keys. 彼は鍵が見つかりません。
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often say "I don't can swim." because they use "do not" with every verb. With a modal verb, do not use "do". Say "I can't swim." or "I cannot swim." instead.
日本語の感覚で "I don't can swim." と言ってしまうことがあります。モダル動詞では "do" を使いません。正しくは "I can't swim." または "I cannot swim." です。