Using "above," "over," "below," & "under" for Vertical Positioning

A1 Eiken 3 Beginner

be + above/over/below/under + noun

Explanation

Use "above" and "over" for a higher place. Use "below" and "under" for a lower place.

In "The clock is above the sofa," "The clock" is the thing we talk about, "is" links it to a place, and "above the sofa" shows where it is. Japanese often says "〜の上" or "〜の下," but English chooses a preposition that shows the exact relation to the other thing. "Over" and "under" can also suggest covering or movement, so "above" and "below" are often safer for simple position.

Examples

  • The lamp is above the table. ランプはテーブルの上のほうにあります。
  • Your shoes are under the bed. あなたの靴はベッドの下にあります。
  • The sign is below the map. その標識は地図の下にあります。
  • Is the picture over the sofa? その絵はソファの上にありますか。
  • The cat is not under the chair. その猫は椅子の下にはいません。
  • We put the books above the printer. 私たちはプリンターの上に本を置いた。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often use "on" for every vertical relation, or mix up "above" and "over."

Wrong: "The lamp is on the table." when the lamp is hanging higher than the table.

Right: "The lamp is above the table."

Wrong: "The picture is under the wall."

Right: "The picture is on the wall" or "above the sofa," depending on the meaning.

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