Explanation
Use this form when the subject is one person or one thing: "he", "she", or "it". Add "-s" or "-es" to the verb.
For example, "She works in a hospital." Here, "She" is the subject. "works" is the verb with "-s" added. "in a hospital" tells us the place. Japanese does not change the verb for "she" or "he", so learners often forget this ending. In questions and negatives, we use "does" or "doesn't" plus the base verb: "Does she work?" and "She doesn't work."
主語が1人、1つのもの、つまり "he", "she", "it" のときにこの形を使います。動詞に "-s" または "-es" を付けます。
例えば、"She works in a hospital." では、"She" が主語です。"works" は "-s" を付けた動詞です。"in a hospital" は場所を表します。日本語は「彼女が」「彼が」でも動詞が変わらないので、この語尾を落としやすいです。疑問文と否定文では "does" や "doesn't" を使い、動詞は元の形になります。たとえば "Does she work?" と "She doesn't work." です。
Examples
- She works in a hospital. 彼女は病院で働いています。
- My brother studies English every day. 私の弟は毎日英語を勉強します。
- It rains a lot in June. 6月はよく雨が降ります。
- Does your mother cook dinner at home? あなたのお母さんは家で夕食を作りますか。
- He doesn't watch TV on weekdays. 彼は平日はテレビを見ません。
- The shop opens at nine. その店は9時に開きます。
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often forget "-s" with "he", "she", or "it". For example, "She work in a hospital." -> "She works in a hospital." They also make questions like "Does she works?" -> "Does she work?" Remember: after "does" and "doesn't", use the base verb.
日本人学習者は、"he", "she", "it" のときに "-s" を付け忘れやすいです。例: "She work in a hospital." -> "She works in a hospital." また、"Does she works?" のように "does" のあとでも動詞に "-s" を付けてしまいがちです。正しくは "Does she work?" です。"does" や "doesn't" のあとでは、動詞は原形にします。