Explanation
Use "every" when you mean all the people or things in a group. Use "each" when you want to look at them one by one.
In "Each student has a locker.", "each" shows one student at a time, "student" is singular, and "has" is also singular. Japanese often says "それぞれ" or "毎" without changing the noun, but English needs the singular noun form here. You can also say "Each of the children got a prize," where "each of" takes a plural group, but the verb is still linked to one person at a time.
「every」は、グループ全体のひとつひとつをまとめて言うときに使います。「each」は、一人ずつ、一つずつ見せたいときに使います。
"Each student has a locker." では、"each" が「一人ひとり」を表し、"student" は単数、"has" も単数形です。日本語では「それぞれ」や「毎」で自然に言えますが、英語ではここで名詞を単数形にします。"Each of the children got a prize." のように "each of" のあとに複数のまとまりを置くこともできますが、意味は一人ずつに向いています。
Examples
- Every morning, I drink coffee. 私は毎朝コーヒーを飲みます。
- Each student has a locker. 各生徒にはロッカーがあります。
- Do you check your phone every day? 毎日スマホを確認しますか。
- Not every answer is correct. 全部が正解とは限りません。
- Each of the children got a prize. 子どもたち一人ひとりが賞をもらいました。
- We do not have class every Friday. 私たちは毎週金曜日に授業があるわけではありません。
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often use a plural noun after "every" or "each".
Wrong: "Every students are late."
Right: "Every student is late."
Wrong: "Each of the books are new."
Right: "Each of the books is new."
日本語の感覚で「every」「each」のあとに複数形を置いてしまう間違いが多いです。
誤り: "Every students are late." → 正: "Every student is late."
誤り: "Each of the books are new." → 正: "Each of the books is new."
「every」「each」のあとでは、基本的に名詞は単数形になり、動詞も単数形にします。