「must」と「have to」の使い分け

A2 英検準2級 初中級

must / have to + base verb

説明

Use "must" and "have to" to say something is necessary. In everyday English, "have to" is more common. Use "must" for a strong rule, a firm order, or your own strong need. Use "have to" for an outside rule, like a law, a school rule, or a schedule.

In "You have to wear a helmet here," "You" is the person, "have to" shows the rule, and "wear" is the main verb in its base form. Japanese often uses one phrase, "〜しなければならない," for both. Also, "mustn't" means "not allowed," but "don't have to" means "not necessary."

例文

  • I must finish this report today. 今日はこのレポートを終えなければなりません。
  • You have to wear a helmet here. ここではヘルメットを着用しなければなりません。
  • Do we have to pay now? 今、支払わなければなりませんか。
  • We must not be late. 私たちは遅れてはいけません。
  • I don't have to work tomorrow. 私は明日は働かなくてもいいです。
  • She has to take the train at 7:30. 彼女は7時30分の電車に乗らなければなりません。

よくある間違い

Japanese learners often mix up "mustn't" and "don't have to."

When the meaning is no need: 

Wrong: "You mustn't pay now".

Right: "You don't have to pay now."

Use "mustn't" for prohibition, and use "don't have to" when something is optional.

練習してみましょう この文法ポイントの穴埋めクイズに挑戦しましょう。