Explanation
Use "do" or "does" to make a yes-no question in the present simple. Put "do" with I, you, we, and they. Put "does" with he, she, and it.
For example, "Does your sister play the piano?" Here "does" comes first, "your sister" is the subject, and "play" stays in the plain form, not "plays." In Japanese, you can often make a question with intonation, but English needs the helper verb.
現在形の yes-no 疑問文では、"do" か "does" を使います。"do" は I, you, we, they に、"does" は he, she, it に使います。
例えば "Does your sister play the piano?" では、"Does" が最初に来て疑問文を作り、"your sister" が主語、"play" は原形です。ここで "plays" にはしません。日本語では語尾を上げれば質問になりますが、英語では "do/does" が必要です。
Examples
- Do you like tea? お茶は好きですか。
- Does he work here? 彼はここで働いていますか。
- Do they live near the station? 彼らは駅の近くに住んでいますか。
- Does your sister play the piano? あなたの妹はピアノを弾きますか。
- Do we need more milk? 牛乳はもっと必要ですか。
- Does this train stop at Shibuya Station? この電車は渋谷駅に停まりますか。
Common Mistakes
Japanese learners often write "You like tea?" or "Does he likes sushi?" The correct forms are "Do you like tea?" and "Does he like sushi?" In this question pattern, do/does comes before the subject, and the main verb stays in the base form.
日本語の感覚で do/does を落として "You like tea?" と書いたり、"Does he likes sushi?" のように動詞に -s を残したりしがちです。正しくは "Do you like tea?" と "Does he like sushi?" です。この形では do/does を主語の前に置き、動詞は原形にします。