Third Conditional - Unreal Past Conditions and Results

B2 Eiken Pre-1 Upper-intermediate

If + past perfect, would have + past participle

Explanation

Use the third conditional to talk about a past situation that did not happen. It often shows regret, blame, or a different result in an imagined past.

Look at "If we had left earlier, we would have avoided the traffic." "If we had left earlier" is the unreal condition. "Had left" is the past perfect, so it means the leaving did not happen at that time. "We would have avoided the traffic" is the imagined result, but it did not happen either. In Japanese, this often sounds like "もしもっと早く出発していたら、渋滞を避けられていただろう".

Examples

  • If I had known your number, I would have called you. あなたの番号を知っていたら、電話していました。
  • She would have enjoyed the party if she had come. 彼女が来ていたら、パーティーを楽しんでいたでしょう。
  • If we had left earlier, we would have avoided the traffic. もっと早く出発していたら、渋滞を避けられたでしょう。
  • Would you have said yes if he had asked you? もし彼に誘われていたら、あなたは「はい」と言っていましたか。
  • I wouldn't have spent so much money if I had checked the price. 値段を確認していたら、そんなにお金を使わなかったでしょう。
  • If it had rained, the game would have been canceled. 雨が降っていたら、試合は中止になっていたでしょう。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often use the past simple in the if-clause, like "If I studied harder, I would have passed the exam." For a third conditional, use the past perfect: "If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam." Also, do not forget "had" in the if-clause.

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