The Verb "be" and its Various Forms

A1 Eiken 3 Beginner

am/is/are + complement

Explanation

The verb be and its forms—am, is, are, was, were, be, being, and been—are used to describe a person or thing, identify what someone or something is, show a condition or location, and help form continuous verb tenses and passive sentences.

Use "be" to connect the subject with a noun, adjective, or place.

In "She is a doctor," "She" is the subject, "is" is the verb "be," and "a doctor" tells us her job; English needs that verb, while Japanese can say "彼女は医者です" with "です". In questions, "be" comes before the subject, as in "Are you busy?"; in negatives, add "not," as in "We are not late."

The form changes with the subject: "I am," "he/she/it is," and "you/we/they are."

Examples

  • I am happy. 私はうれしいです。
  • She is a doctor. 彼女は医者です。
  • They are at school. 彼らは学校にいます。
  • Are you busy? 忙しいですか。
  • We are not late. 私たちは遅れていません。
  • The keys are on the table. 鍵はテーブルの上にあります。

Common Mistakes

Japanese learners often leave out "be" because Japanese can say "I hungry" or "She teacher." The correct forms are "I am hungry" and "She is a teacher." Another common error is matching the wrong form with the subject: "They is at home" -> "They are at home."

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